| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析新老大豆品种生殖生育期不同冠层籽粒中脂肪酸含量、叶片净光合速率的变化规律及其相关性，为大豆品质育种和合理栽培提供理论依据。【方法】选择大豆品种金元1号、集体5号（老品种）和吉林38、吉农19（新品种）为试验材料，分别测定开花期（R2）、结荚期（R4）、鼓粒期（R6）不同冠层籽粒中脂肪、脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸)含量及叶面积和净光合速率。【结果】新老大豆品种不同冠层籽粒中脂肪含量的变化趋势均为下层>上层>中层，新品种低于老品种。叶片净光合速率均表现为上层>中层>下层，在R4期净光合速率达到最大值，新品种高于老品种。新品种叶面积在生殖生长初期增长明显快于老品种，且R4到R6期叶面积维持相对稳定。棕榈酸和亚麻酸含量从下层到上层表现为下降趋势；油酸含量从下层到上层表现为上升趋势，新老品种变化趋势相同，其含量为老品种高于新品种；硬脂酸含量老品种呈现为中上层高、下层低，新品种为上层高、下层低。在整个生殖生育期，大豆籽粒中棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量与叶片净光合速率均呈负相关，叶面积与籽粒脂肪、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量呈负相关。【结论】在生育后期，通过增加大豆植株叶面积来改善光合能力，能够降低籽粒中亚麻酸含量，提高油酸含量，有利于大豆籽粒油脂品质改良与产量提高。 |
| 关键词: 大豆 冠层 脂肪酸含量 叶面积 净光合速率 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31171459)；吉林省自然科学基金项目(201215178)；吉林农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201410193006） |
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| Fatty acid contents of grains and photosynthetic rates of leaves at different canopies of new and old soybean cultivars |
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CHEN Zhanyu,CHANG Yuting,FU Liangshuai,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study analyzed the changes in fatty acids contents of seeds and net photosynthetic rates (Pn) of leaves from different canopies of soybean varieties and their relationship at reproductive growth stages to provide basis for quality breeding and reasonable cultivation of soybean.【Method】Jilin 38,Jinong 19 (new cultivars),Jinyuan 1,and Jiti 5 (old cultivars) were planted,and fat,fat acid (palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid) contents,leaf areas and Pn were measured at flowering stage (R2),podding stage (R4) and seed filling stage (R6).【Result】Fat contents of grains were the highest in the bottom part followed by the top and middle parts for both new and old soybean cultivars,and the contents of new soybean cultivars were lower than old soybean cultivars.Pn of leaves were the highest in top followed by the middle and bottom parts,and maximum was reached in R4.Pn rates of new soybean cultivars were higher than old soybean cultivars.Leaf areas of new varieties grew significantly faster than the old varieties in the early reproductive growth,and remained relatively stable from R4 to R6.Palmitic acid and linolenic acid contents declined while the oleic acid contents increased from the bottom to the top.Oleic acid contents of old varieties were higher than the new varieties,and new and old varieties had the same trend.Stearic acid contents of the old varieties were high in the middle upper part and low in the lower part,and they were similar for the new varieties.Palmitic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid contents of soybean grains were negatively correlated with Pn,and leaf area was negatively correlated with fat,linoleic acid,linolenic acid contents at the whole reproductive development stages.【Conclusion】In late growth stage,increasing plant leaf area and enhancing photosynthetic capacity can reduce linolenic acid content and enhance oleic acid content in grains,which is beneficial to quality and yield. |
| Key words: soybean canopy fatty acid contents leaf area net photosynthetic rate |
