| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究基质栽培条件下补充营养液中不同氮钾水平对甜瓜产量和品质的影响，为温室甜瓜基质袋培的高效生产提供依据。【方法】以甜瓜品种‘绿翠宝’为试材，以不同氮钾施用量为试验因子，设置4个氮钾水平处理(NK1:氮13 mmol/L、钾4 mmol/L；NK2:氮15 mmol/L、钾6 mmol/L；NK3:氮17 mmol/L、钾8 mmol/L；NK4:氮19 mmol/L、钾10 mmol/L)，开花坐果期按1/2倍营养液施肥，膨果成熟期按1倍营养液施肥，于04-30开始第10 d各取样1次，测定甜瓜各项生理指标(株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量和净光合速率)。采用连续流动分析仪测定不同器官(根、茎、叶)氮钾元素含量，同时对甜瓜产量和品质做综合评价。【结果】补充营养液中不同氮钾水平对甜瓜植株生长发育影响明显，甜瓜植株株高、茎粗和叶绿素含量随氮钾用量增加表现出上升趋势，超过一定范围后下降。NK3处理净光合速率分别比NK1、NK2和NK4处理高22.5%，14.2%和5.0%。植株各器官氮钾吸收量表现为叶>茎>根，各处理氮钾吸收量表现为NK3>NK4>NK2>NK1。补充营养液中氮钾水平过高或过低均使甜瓜产量下降，NK3处理产量最高，为28.09 t/hm2，分别比NK1、NK2和NK4处理高19.4%，16.5%和7.4%。甜瓜果实中可溶性糖含量随氮钾水平升高而增加，可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量均呈现先增加后减少趋势，且均以NK3处理最高。【结论】综合考虑产量、品质等因素，补充营养液NK3处理(氮17 mmol/L,钾8 mmol/L)甜瓜的生长效果最好，可作为最优的营养液氮钾施肥方案。 |
| 关键词: 甜瓜 补充营养液 氮钾水平 元素吸收 产量 品质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2014BAD14B06）；农业部“948”项目（2015Z-36） |
|
| Effect of nitrogen and potassium levels in nutrient solution on yield and quality of muskmelon |
|
FAN Xiangyu,LI Jianming,CAI Dongsheng,et al
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper studied the effects of nitrogen and potassium levels in nutrient solution on yield and quality of muskmelon under substrate cultivation to provide basis for efficient production of muskmelon by substrate in greenhouse. 【Method】Muskmelon ‘Lvcuibao’ was planted with four nitrogen and potassium levels (NK1:nitrogen 13 mmol/L,potassium 4 mmol/L;NK2:nitrogen 15 mmol/L,potassium 6 mmol/L;NK3:nitrogen 17 mmol/L,potassium 8 mmol/L;and NK4:nitrogen 19 mmol/L,potassium 10 mmol/L).Plants were fertilized by 1/2 nutrient solution in flowering stage,and 1 times nutrient solution in fruiting stage.The physiological indexes (plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll and net photosynthetic rate) were measured 10 d,20 d,30 d after treatment.The contents of nitrogen and potassium in different organs (root,stem and leaf) were measured by continuous flow analyzer and the comprehensive evaluation was conducted on muskmelon yield and quality.【Result】Nitrogen and potassium levels had significant effects on growth and development of muskmelon.Plant height,stem diameter and chlorophyll increased with the increase of fertilizer,then declined over a certain increase.Photosynthetic rate of NK3 treatment was 22.5%,14.2% and 5.0% higher than those of NK1,NK2 and NK4,respectively.The absorption quantity of N and K in organs was in the order of leaf >stem>root,while in the order among treatments was NK3>NK4>NK2>NK1.The yield of muskmelon declined in too low or too high levels of nitrogen and potassium.The yield of NK3 treatment was 28.09 t/hm2,which was 19.4%,16.5% and 7.4% higher than those of NK1,NK2 and NK4.The content of soluble sugar in muskmelon increased with the increase of fertilizers,but the contents of soluble solid,soluble protein and vitamin C decreased after initial increase,and content of NK3 treatment was highest. 【Conclusion】Comprehensively considering yield and quality of muskmelon,formula NK3 (nitrogen 17 mmol/L and potassium 8 mmol/L) was the optimal choice of nutrient solution. |
| Key words: muskmelon nutrient solution nitrogen and potassium level elements absorption yield quality |
