| 摘要: |
| 【目的】确定欧李花粉粒萌发时间，观察花粉管的动态变化过程，从微观角度了解欧李的授粉受精特性。【方法】对欧李进行人工授粉，取授粉后1-10 d的雌蕊，采用荧光显微镜技术观察花粉粒的萌发生长情况以及子房受精过程。【结果】欧李柱头开裂时间为11:00-13:00，有粘液分泌；授粉后2 h，少量花粉粒在柱头上萌发；授粉后8 h，花粉管初步形成且主要集中在花柱上部；授粉后24 h，花粉管成束状形式进一步伸长；授粉后3 d，子房中胚珠完成受精；授粉后5 d，花粉管呈现断裂、不连续状态,并开始解体；授粉后8 d，花粉管完全解体，柱头以及花柱中荧光现象消失。【结论】欧李柱头开裂时间主要集中于11:00-13:00；与同属植物相比，欧李花粉粒具有较强的萌发力，萌发速度较快。欧李花粉管生长速度较慢，花粉管从萌发到达花柱基部需40 h；花粉管寿命较长，从萌发到完全失去活力可以保持8 d。 |
| 关键词: 欧李 花粉管 授粉受精 荧光显微观察 |
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| Micro examination on pollination and fertilization of Cerasus humilis by fluorescent technique |
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XIAO Xiaofeng,ZHOU Lanying
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper determined the time of pollen germination and dynamic process of pollen tube of Cerasus humilis and explored pollination and fertilization characteristics of Cerasus humilis from microscopic angle. 【Method】After artificial pollination of Cerasus humilis,the pistil of 1-10 d was taken after pollination and fluorescence microscopy was used to observe growth situation of pollen in and outside stigma. 【Result】At 11:00-13:00,the stigma of cerasus began to crack with mucus secretion.Two hours after pollination,a small amount of pollen began to sprout on stigma.Eight hours after pollination,pollen tube initially formed and mainly focused in the upper part of the style.Twenty four hours after pollination,pollen tube continued to extend in sarciniform style.Three days after pollination,ovule finished fertilization in the ovary,while 5 days after pollination,pollen tube began to disintegrate in a discontinuous way.Eight days after pollination,complete disintegration of pollen tube,the fluorescence phenomenon in stigma and style disappeared. 【Conclusion】Cerasus humilis stigma cracking mainly focused on 11:00 - 13:00 time.Compared with plants in same genera,Cerasus humilis pollen grains have strong adorable force and fast germination rate.Slower pollen tube growth rate of Cerasus humilis, and it takes 40 hours from sprouting to the bottom of style.Pollen tube life is longer,and it can maintain 8 days from germination to total loss of vitality. |
| Key words: Cerasus humilis pollen tube pollination and fertilization fluorescence microscopic observation |
