| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对城市绿地砂石覆盖土壤水分入渗过程进行研究和模型分析，为城市绿地水资源的合理利用提供理论参考。【方法】以银川城市绿地砂石覆盖土壤为研究对象，采用一维垂直定水头入渗法，选取砂石覆盖厚度为影响因子，设置5个覆盖厚度（0，2.5，5.0，7.5，10.0 cm），观测湿润锋运移和累计入渗量变化规律，比较各处理土壤入渗特征，并用Horton、Kostiakov、 Philip和通用经验模型模拟土壤的入渗过程，从中选出模拟效果最佳的模型。【结果】不同砂石覆盖厚度条件下湿润锋进程与入渗时间呈显著的函数关系，影响大小依次为 10.0 cm＞7.5 cm＞5.0 cm＞2.5 cm＞0 cm。砂石覆盖可以提高土壤初始入渗速率、稳定入渗速率、平均入渗速率和累计入渗量。与无覆盖相比，砂石覆盖厚度为2.5，5.0，7.5，10.0 cm时的初始入渗速率分别增加了2.4%，5.2%，23.4%，27.6%；稳定入渗速率分别增加了6.0%，25.3%，32.8%，82.0%；平均入渗速率分别增加了12.5%，29.2%，39.6%，79.2%；累计入渗量分别增加了4.2%，11.7%，12.7%，17.0%。利用4种入渗模型拟合覆盖不同厚度砂石的土壤水分入渗过程，发现Horton模型拟合效果最好，Kostiakov模型次之，Philip模型和通用经验模型拟合效果较差。【结论】城市绿地覆盖砂石可以提高土壤入渗速率，增加入渗量，其中以覆盖厚度为10.0 cm时最高，且Horton模型是拟合砂石覆盖与水分入渗关系的最佳模型。 |
| 关键词: 银川市 入渗 砂石覆盖 模型分析 城市绿地 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41461104）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（NZ14028） |
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| Investigating and modeling soil infiltration process with gravel mulch on urban green space |
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ZHAO Yunpeng,BAI Yiru,WANG Youqi,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study investigated and modeled soil infiltration process to provide basis for improving utilization of water resources for urban green space. 【Method】Taking gravel mulch in Yinchuan green space as research object,one dimensional vertical water infiltration method was used with five gravel mulch thickness levels (0，2.5，5.0，7.5，and 10.0 cm) to investigate the wetting front of water and cumulative infiltration.Soil infiltration characteristics were compared,and the infiltration process was simulated by Horton, Kostiakov, Philip and general empirical model. 【Result】There were extremely significant power relationships among wetting front distance and infiltration time under different thicknesses of gravel mulch,with the infiltration capacity in order of 10.0 cm＞7.5 cm＞5.0 cm＞2.5 cm＞0 cm.The initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,average infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration were improved by gravel mulch.Gravel mulch with the thicknesses of 2.5,5.0,7.5,and 10.0 cm increased the initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,average infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration by 2.4%,5.2%,23.4%,and 27.6%;6.0%,25.3%,32.8%,and 82.0%;12.5%,29.2%,39.6%,and 79.2%,and 4.2%,11.7%,12.7%,and 17.0%,respectively.Fitting with four infiltration models showed that Horton model was the best followed by Kostiakov model,while Philip model and general empirical model were relatively poor. 【Conclusion】Gravel mulch could improve soil infiltration rate,increase infiltration capacity,with the best thickness of 10.0 cm.The Horton model was the best to fit the relationship between sand gravel coverage and water infiltration. |
| Key words: Yinchuan infiltration gravel mulch model analysis urban green space |
