| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索‘优一’杏花芽分化及内源激素含量的变化与花期的关系，解决仁用杏休眠期短、花期早的问题。【方法】以抗寒、抗旱、丰产的仁用杏优良品种‘优一’为材料，采用石蜡切片法对其花芽进行解剖观察，用高效液相色谱法对休眠花芽、萌动花芽内源激素含量进行测定。【结果】‘优一’7月中旬进入花芽分化初期，7月下旬至8月中旬达到分化高峰期，9月初进入雌、雄蕊原基分化期，之后花芽内花瓣、花萼等器官仍继续增长，且雌、雄蕊原基进行进一步的组织分化。12月中下旬即进入休眠前，已形成子房、花柱和柱头以及蝶形花药。次年1月底休眠结束后，雌、雄配子体继续发育，逐渐形成花粉粒和胚珠。‘优一’休眠花芽中的GA3和IAA含量在自然休眠解除前后，呈现“上升 下降 上升”的变化趋势，而ABA则呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。IAA含量在花芽萌动前后基本不变，ABA含量呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势。【结论】‘优一’花期早、性器官发育也早于其他果树。ABA是‘优一’花芽休眠的促进物，GA3则是花芽休眠解除的促进物，IAA未直接对休眠的解除起作用。 |
| 关键词: ‘优一’ 花芽分化 内源激素 休眠花芽 萌动花芽 |
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| 基金项目:‘十二五’国家科技支撑计划项目（2013BAD14B02） |
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| Relationship between flower bud differentiation and change of endogenous hormone of ‘Youyi’during dormancy period |
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SONG Cai,YIN Mingyu,JIANG Zhongmao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the correlation between flower bud differentiation and endogenous hormones change with flowering to solve the problem of short bud dormancy and early blossom of kernel apricot.【Method】The paraffin cross section method and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) were used to observe the flower bud morphological differentiation and measure the endogenous hormone levels of dormant flower bud and stirring flower bud of ‘Youyi’.【Result】‘Youyi’ entered the early differentiation stage in middle July and reached differentiation peak in late July to middle August.Stamen and pistil differentiation stage began in early September.Petals and calyx continued growing and stamen primordium and pistil primordium kept tissue differentiation. In middle to late December before dormancy,ovary,style,stigma,and butterfly anther formed already.After dormancy in the end of January of the following year,male and female gametophytes continued developing and formed pollen and ovule gradually.The contents of GA3 and IAA in dormant flower bud of ‘Youyi’ showed the variation trend of increase decrease increase,while ABA content reduced after increasing. Before and after flower bud stirring, IAA content did not change while ABA content increased after reducing.【Conclusion】‘Youyi’ is early blossom,and the development of sexual organ is also earlier than other fruit trees.ABA was the promoting material for dormancy of ‘Youyi’ flower bud,GA3 promoted dormancy breaking,and IAA had no effect on dormancy release directly. |
| Key words: ‘Youyi’ flower bud differentiation endogenous hormone dormancy flower bud stirring flower bud |
