| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析我国不同种源大红袍花椒的种实特性及主要化学成分的变异规律，为花椒优良种质资源的选取和合理利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过野外实际调查和测定，对我国青海循化、甘肃秦安、山西平顺、陕西韩城、山东泰安、河南淅川、陕西凤县、河北涉县等8个不同种源大红袍花椒的种实特征和主要化学成分进行分析。【结果】8个不同种源大红袍花椒种子的横径为3.54～4.35 mm，纵径为2.96～3.35 mm，种形指数为1.24～1.31。陕西韩城和甘肃秦安花椒具有较高的出皮率，分别为52.3%和50.3%；8个种源花椒种子的含油率均在23%以上，且各种源间差异较大；大红袍花椒种子含有6种脂肪酸，其中含量最高的是油酸（25.92%～45.95%），其次是亚油酸（13.96%～31.32%）。果皮中含有17种氨基酸(4.77%～6.64%)，包括7种必需氨基酸，其占氨基酸总量的26.33%；果皮中铁元素的含量最高，为96.34～126.38 mg/kg。从各种源的分布区域来看，花椒种子千粒质量与地理经度呈正相关，即东部的种子千粒质量较大，而西部的较小；西部地区的大红袍花椒出皮率高于东部地区；种子含油率与海拔、4-6月降水量呈显著正相关，但与6-8月降水量呈负相关。【结论】陕西韩城大红袍花椒产量高，种子含油率高，果皮富含氨基酸及微量元素，表现出优良的表型性状及较高的经济性状，可以作为优良花椒种源进行培育。 |
| 关键词: 花椒 含油率 种实特性 氨基酸 脂肪酸 |
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| 基金项目:杨凌示范区科技计划项目（2015NY-29）；林业科学技术推广项目(［2017］18) |
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| Geographical variations of seed characteristics and main chemical components of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with different provenances |
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HAN Ruomei,HE He,SHEN Yifei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed the variations of seed characteristics and main chemical components of Zanthoxylum bungeanum with different provenances to provide theoretical basis for selection and ration aluse of high quality germplasm resources of Z.bungeanum.【Method】The seed characteristics and main chemical components of Z.bungeanum were studied by field investigationin Qinghai Xunhua,Gansu Qinan,Shanxi Pingshun,Shaanxi Hancheng,Shandong Taian,Henan Xichuan,Shaanxi Fengxian,and Hebei Shexian.【Result】The lengths,widths,and shape indexes of seeds were 3.54-4.35 mm,2.96-3.35 mm,and 1.24-1.31.The peel ratios from Shaanxi Hancheng and Gansu Qinan were 52.3% and 50.3%.The average oil content in seed was over 23% with difference among provenances.The seed oil included 6 fatty acids and oleic acid had the highest content of 25.92%-45.95%,followed by linolenic acid(13.96%-31.32%).In the seed peel,there were 17 amino acids including 7 essential amino acids,accounting for 26.33%.Fe had the highest content of 96.34-126.38 mg/kg among trace elements in peel.The 1 000 seeds mass showed positive correlation with longitude with higher values in east and lower values in west and the peel ratio of west was higher than that of east.Oil content in seed had positive correlation with altitude and rainfall from April to June and negative correlation with rainfall from June to August.【Conclusion】Z.bungeanum from Shaanxi Hancheng had high yield and high seed oil content,and the peel was rich in amino acids and trace elements.It showed excellent phenotypic traits and high economic characters,and can be a good provenance for breeding of Z.bungeanum. |
| Key words: Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed characteristics oil ratio fatty acid amino acid |
