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晋西黄土区苹果花生间作系统光合有效辐射及其对花生生长的影响
蔡智才1, 毕华兴1,2,3, 许华森,等4
1.北京林业大学 水土保持学院;2.山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站;3.北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心;4.中国农业大学 资源与环境学院
摘要:
【目的】 研究果 农间作系统的种间关系,为果 农间作系统的可持续经营提供理论支持。【方法】 以晋西黄土区7年生苹果(Malus pumila)+花生(Arachis hypogaea)间作系统为研究对象,以花生单作系统为对照,布设根障以阻断苹果树与花生根系之间的延伸交叉,采用定位观测和数学模拟相结合的试验手段,对林下光合有效辐射(PAR)分布及其对花生生长的影响进行研究。【结果】 间作系统内树行北侧的作物行主要在上午受果树遮阴影响,南侧则主要在下午受影响,距树干基部越近的作物行PAR均值越小;采用直角双曲线修正模型对花生花期(7月)所测光合数据进行光响应曲线拟合,拟合效果良好,计算得花生光饱和点(LSP)为1 497.4 μmol/(m2·s);间作系统内不同作物行表现为距树干基部越近,饱和PAR时长越小,生物量越小;花生生物量与PAR均值和饱和PAR时长均极显著相关,且与饱和PAR时长的相关性更高。【结论】 间作系统内果树树荫不断移动变化,导致林下PAR出现时空异质性,且距树干基部越近的作物行受影响程度越深。
关键词:  晋西黄土区  果 农间作系统  光合有效辐射  光响应曲线  饱和PAR时长
DOI:
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基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31470638);科技创新服务能力建设 协同创新中心 林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心项目(PXM2016_014207_000038)
Distribution of photosynthetically available radiation and its effect on growth of Arachis hypogaea in Malus pumila and Arachis hypogaea intercropping system in loess area of Western Shanxi
CAI Zhicai,BI Huaxing,XU Huasen,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】 The interspecific interactions in fruit crop intercropping system were studied to provide basis for sustainable management of local fruit crop intercropping system. 【Method】 This study was conducted on a seven year old Malus pumila and Arachis hypogaea intercropping system in loess area of Western Shanxi,and A.hypogaea monoculture system was chosen as control.By setting root barriers to block the extension of root system and combining observation and mathematical simulation,the distribution of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) and its impact on A.hypogaea were studied. 【Result】 The crop rows on north side of tree rows were mainly affected by the shade of trees in the morning,while the crop rows on south side were mainly affected in the afternoon.PAR was lower for crop rows closer to the base of trees.The modified rectangular hyperbola model fitted the photosynthetic data of A.hypogaea in July well,and the light saturation point (LSP) of A.hypogaea was 1 497.4 μmol/(m2·s).The saturated PAR duration was lower when crop rows were closer the base of trees and the biomass of A.hypogaea was also smaller.The biomass of A.hypogaea was very significantly correlated with PAR and saturated PAR duration,and the correlation with saturated PAR duration was even higher.【Conclusion】 The PAR showed spatial temporal heterogeneity because the shade of fruit trees changed,and the crop rows nearer to the base of trees were affected more. 
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