| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同施氮水平下杂交水稻亲本的配合力，为筛选出氮素高效利用的水稻亲本材料提供理论依据。【方法】选择生产上大面积应用的5个高配合力水稻不育系（浙8010A、宜香1A、川农1A、冈46A、803A）为母本，6个水稻恢复系（成恢727、绵恢662、绵恢4761、雅恢2115、乐恢188、宜恢1577）为父本,配置不完全双列杂交组合30个，设低氮肥（0 kg/hm2）、中氮肥（150 kg/hm2，正常施氮水平）、高氮肥（300 kg/hm2）3个施氮水平，比较各亲本在不同施氮水平下产量性状的配合力和遗传力效应。【结果】在不同施氮水平下，不育系、恢复系及其互作效应对杂交水稻的产量性状均可产生显著影响；正常施氮水平下，不育系对杂交水稻产量性状的影响高于恢复系；而在低氮和高氮水平下，恢复系对杂交水稻产量性状的影响高于不育系。川农1A、乐恢188属于氮素不敏感类型亲本，在不同氮肥水平下产量配合力均较高；803A、冈46A属于喜中低氮类型亲本，在中低氮环境下产量一般配合力效应远大于高氮环境；浙8010A、宜香1A属于喜高氮类型亲本，仅在高氮水平下表现较高的产量。在正常施氮水平下，浙8010A×成恢727的产量性状具有较高的特殊配合力效应；在低氮水平下，宜香1A×雅恢2115的产量性状具有较高的特殊配合力效应；在高氮水平下，803A×绵恢662的产量性状具有较高的特殊配合力效应。在低氮和高氮水平下，杂交水稻的产量性状均比正常施氮更易受环境影响；在正常氮素水平下，各产量性状受亲本的加性效应影响较大；在低氮和高氮水平下，各产量性状受环境影响较大。【结论】在不同的施氮水平下，亲本产量性状的一般配合力效应均与其组合的特殊配合力效应无必然联系；氮素水平过高或过低，都会导致亲本的非加性效应增强，环境对各产量性状的影响增大；因此在不同生态区选育优质高产的杂交水稻组合时，品种筛选试验田必须选择相适应的氮素水平。 |
| 关键词: 杂交水稻 施氮水平 配合力 产量性状 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:Effect of nitrogen level on combining ability of yield traits of hybrid rice |
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| 施氮水平对杂交水稻亲本产量性状配合力的影响 |
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ZHANG Jie,YANG Guotao,LI Yanan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper studied the combining ability of hybrid rice parents under different nitrogen levels to provide theoretical basis for selecting rice parents with high nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Method】Combining ability and heritability of yield related traits of hybrid rice were analyzed using incomplete diallel cross of five high combining ability sterile lines (Zhe 8010A,Yixiang 1A,Chuannong 1A,Gang 46A,and 803A) and six restorers (Chenghui 727,Mianhui 662,Mianhui 4761,Yahui 2115,Lehui 188,and Yihui 1577).【Result】Sterile lines,restorers and their interaction effects had significant impacts on yield related traits under different nitrogen levels.Sterile lines had stronger influence than restorers under normal nitrogen level,while restorers had stronger influence than sterile lines under high and the low nitrogen levels.In particular,Chuannong 1A and Lehui 188 were not sensitive to nitrogen level,and they had the highest yield combining ability under all nitrogen levels.Gang 46A and 803A belonged to the low and medium nitrogen types and they had the highest yield combining ability under low and medium nitrogen levels.Zhe 8010A and Yixiang 1A were high nitrogen type and they only showed high yield under high nitrogen level.Zhe 8010A×Chenghui 727 had high specific combining ability (SCA) under normal nitrogen level,Yixiang 1A×Yahui 2115 had high SCA under low nitrogen level,while 803A×Mianhui 662 had high SCA under high nitrogen level.The yield traits under low and high nitrogen levels were more easily affected by environment.Yield traits were affected by the additive effect of parents under normal nitrogen level,and they were influenced by the environment under low and high nitrogen levels.【Conclusion】The general combining ability effect of yield traits of parents was not necessarily related to SCA effect of the combination.Too high or too low nitrogen levels increased the parent non additive effects,and environment had significant effects as well.Therefore,suitable nitrogen levels should be used when breeding combination of high quality and yield hybrid rice in different ecological regions. |
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