| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究汉江上游纤毛虫群落结构，为汉江上游水环境保护和水产养殖提供基础资料。【方法】在汉江上游汉中市境内的烈金坝、梁西渡、南柳渡、蒙家渡和黄金峡5个采样点，于2013年1，3，5，7，9，11月份分别采集10～20 cm水样，统计各样点水体中的纤毛虫种类数、丰度、多样性指数（I d）和Pantle-Buck污生指数(Is)，分析环境理化因子与纤毛虫群落参数之间的相关性。【结果】从5个采样点共鉴定到纤毛虫98种（包括6个未定名种），隶属于3纲12目39科45属。其中前口目、下毛目均为优势类群，膜口目、盾纤目为次优势类群，其余目为常见类群。从物种分布来看，黄金峡纤毛虫物种数最为丰富，为47种；其次为南柳渡，有45种，蒙家渡、梁西渡、烈金坝的物种数分别为43，41和35种；从各物种的相对丰度来看，汉江上游水体纤毛虫的优势种为毛板壳虫、钝漫游虫、钩刺斜管虫、食藻斜管虫、珍珠映毛虫、长圆膜袋虫、天蓝喇叭虫、叶绿尖毛虫和有肋楯纤虫，纤毛虫丰度为20 493～85 872个/L，多样性指数和Pantle-Buck污生指数分别为3.73～4.66和1.38～1.73。相关性分析表明，汉江上游水体纤毛虫的物种数与NH3+-N质量浓度呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）；丰度与NH3+-N质量浓度、NO3－-N质量浓度呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），且与BOD5呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）；污生指数与NH3+-N质量浓度、NO3－-N质量浓度、CODcr及BOD5呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），但与DO呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。【结论】汉江上游水质自源头向下游呈现出“清洁-轻度污染-中等污染-轻度污染”的变化趋势，对汉江上游水体纤毛虫群落影响最大的环境理化因子是NH3+-N，其次是NO3－-N和BOD5，CODcr和DO的影响相对较小。 |
| 关键词: 汉江上游 纤毛虫 群落结构 环境理化因子 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心自然科学项目（QBXT-Z-（P）-15-8）；汉中市汉台区社会发展攻关项目（2015-K22） |
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| Community structure of ciliates and its relationship to environmental physicochemical variables in upstream of Hanjiang River |
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LIU Zhifeng,GE Hongguang,ZHAO Zuoping,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Ciliates community structure was investigated at the upstream of Hanjiang River to provide basic data for environmental protection and aquaculture.【Method】In 2013,water samples were collected every two months from five different stations in Hanzhong including Liejinba,Liangxidu,Nanliudu,Mengjiadu and Huangjinxia.Community structure of ciliates and its relationship to environmental variables were analyzed using number of species,abundance,Margalef index and Saprobic index.【Result】A total of 98 ciliates species (including six unnamed species) were identified,belonging to three classes,twelve orders,thirty nine families and forty five genera.Among the species identified,Hypotrichida and Prostomatida were the dominant groups,followed by Hymenostomatida and Scuticociliatida.The numbers of species in Nanliudu,Mengjiadu,Huangjinxia,Liangxidu and Liejinba sampling sites were 45,43,47,41,and 35,respectively.Huangjinxia had the most abundant species.Dominant species were Coleps hirtus,Litonotus obtusus,Chilodonella uncinata,Chilodonella algivora,Cinetochilum margaritaceum,Cyclidium oblongum,Stentor coeruleus,Oxyticha chlorelligera and Aspidisca costata.Annual changes of ciliate abundance ranged from 20 493 to 85 872 L-1,Margalef index ranged from 3.73 to 4.66,and Saprobic index ranged from 1.38 to 1.73.Correlation analysis revealed that species number was significantly positive correlated with ammonia concentration,and abundance was significantly positive correlated with ammonia concentration,nitrate concentration,and biochemical oxygen demand.Saprobic index was significantly positive correlated with ammonia concentration,nitrate concentration,chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand,while significantly negative correlated with dissolved oxygen.【Conclusion】The water quality changed as “clean-slight pollution-moderate pollution-slight pollution” from the source to downstream of Hanjiang River.Ammonium nitrogen had the most important influence on ciliate community,followed by nitrate nitrogen,biochemical oxygen demand,chemical oxygen demand,and dissolved oxygen. |
| Key words: the upstream of Hanjiang River ciliates community structure environmental physicochemical variables |
