| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究追施沼液对小麦光合特性及土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响，为沼液在小麦施肥上的应用提供参考。【方法】在大田条件下，以西农889小麦为供试材料，用沼液作追肥，各生育期追肥量设11 250，22 500，33 750 kg/hm2 3个水平，追肥时期分别为拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期，以各生育期不施肥为空白对照，研究追施沼液对小麦不同生育期叶片光合特性和成熟期土壤酶活性及土壤速效养分含量的影响。【结果】追施沼液可以提高小麦叶片净光合速率（Pn）和水分利用效率（WUE），增加土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性，提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量，其中以沼液施用水平为22 500 kg/hm2，并在拔节期、孕穗期各追施1次的效果最佳，与对照相比该处理叶片净光合速率（Pn）增加41.3%～76.5%，产量提高36.0%，土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性及有机质和速效氮、磷、钾含量亦有显著提高。【结论】麦田追施沼液的最佳施用水平为22 500 kg/hm2，并在拔节期和孕穗期各追施1次为宜。 |
| 关键词: 沼液 追肥 小麦 光合特性 土壤酶 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2014KTCL02 12）；中央高校基本科研业务费科技创新专项(2452015127）；陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心项目(2013HBGC 06，2015QTGC 083)；中国农村能源生态建设二期GEF赠款项目(G0203 PRC) |
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| Effects of topdressing biogas slurry on photosynthesis characteristics of wheat and soil enzyme activities and nutrients |
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WAN Haiwen,JIA Liangliang,ZHAO Jingqi,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effects of topdressing biogas slurry on photosynthesis characteristics of winter wheat as well as soil enzymes and nutrients were studied to provide reference for application of biogas slurry on wheat.【Method】Field experiments were conducted with three levels of biogas slurry.The amounts of biogas slurry were 11 250,22 500 and 33 750 kg/hm2 at jointing,booting,and grain filling stages.No dressing of biogas slurry was used as control.【Result】Topdressing biogas slurry effectively increased photosynthetic rate (Pn),water use efficiency (WUE) and activities of soil enzymes including catalase,phosphatase and urease.The contents of soil organic matter,available N,P and K were also increased.The correlations between soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities were extremely significant (P<0.01).With the application amount of 22 500 kg/hm2 at jointing and booting stages,Pn was increased by 41.3%-76.5%,soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities were increased significantly,and yield was increased by 36.0%.【Conclusion】The recommended biogas slurry application amount is 22 500 kg/hm2 at jointing and booting stages. |
| Key words: biogas slurry topdressing wheat photosynthesis characteristic soil enzyme |
