| 摘要: |
| 【目的】识别深松耕作阻力的关键因素及其影响程度，为深松减阻技术与装备研究奠定基础。【方法】采用7因素3水平正交试验和单因变量方差分析方法，研究深松机铲形（箭形、凿形）、铲距（300，400，500 mm）、入土角（18°，23°，28°）、土壤含水率（10%，15%，20%）、土壤坚实度（1 000，1 500，2 000 kPa）、耕深（250，300，350 mm）及牵引速度（2，3，4 km/h）对深松耕作阻力的影响。【结果】铲形、铲距、入土角、土壤含水率、土壤坚实度、耕深、牵引速度的检验概率依次为0.613，0.057，0.056，0.495，0.013，0.001和0.797；不同因素对耕作阻力影响程度的排序为耕深＞土壤坚实度＞入土角＞铲距＞土壤含水率＞铲形＞牵引速度，且耕深、土壤坚实度、入土角、铲距对深松耕作阻力变化影响显著。【结论】为减小深松耕作阻力、提高耕作质量，建议在满足农艺要求的前提下，深松深度的确定应以“耕作层+犁底层”的厚度为主要依据；深松作业间隔年限的确定应将土壤坚实度作为重要评价指标；合理配置深松铲的入土角和铲距有助于减小深松作业阻力和提高作业质量。 |
| 关键词: 深松 保护性耕作 耕作阻力 减阻策略 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省科技攻关项目（2013K02-11）；杨凌示范区科技计划项目（2014NY-29）；西北农林科技大学重点项目（Z101021501） |
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| Influencing factors and reduction strategies of subsoiling tillage resistance |
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HANG Chengguang,HUANG Yuxiang,LI Wei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed key factors and influences on subsoiling tillage resistance to provide basis for subsoiling resistance reduction technology and equipment.【Method】The influences of tine shape (arrow tine and chisel tine),tool spacing (300,400,and 500 mm),rake angle(18°,23°,and 28°),soil moisture content (10%,15%,and 20%),soil hardness (1 000,1 500,and 2 000 kPa),tillage depth (250,300,and 350 mm) and speed (2,3,and 4 km/h) on subsoiling tillage resistance were analyzed by L27(37)orthogonal experiment method and analysis of variance for single dependent variable.【Result】The test probabilities of tine shape,tool spacing,rake angle,soil moisture content,soil hardness,tillage depth and speed were 0.613,0.057,0.056,0.495,0.013,0.001 and 0.797,respectively.Effects of different factors were in a decreasing order of tillage depth>soil hardness>rake angle>tool spacing>soil moisture content>tine shape>speed.The effects of tillage depth,soil hardness,rake angle,and tool spacing were significant.【Conclusion】To reduce tillage resistance and increase tillage quality,with the premise of agronomic requirement,reasonable tillage depth should be determined by the depth of ‘plough layer+plow pan’.Soil hardness should be regarded as an important evaluation index to decide interval time of subsoiling operation.Rational allocation of rake angle and tool spacing of subsoiler contributed to reducing tillage resistance and improved tillage quality. |
| Key words: subsoiling conservation tillage tillage resistance reduction strategy |
