| 摘要: |
| 【目的】对汾河运城段非点源污染进行模拟与分析，为该流域非点源污染控制提供依据。【方法】构建汾河运城段的非点源污染SWAT(Soil and water assessment tool)模型，根据河津水文站2005－2010年的实测逐月径流、泥沙和水质数据对模型进行率定和验证，并利用率定好的模型对研究区域的非点源污染进行模拟研究与分析。【结果】建立了包括土壤侵蚀、水文过程和污染负荷子模型的汾河运城段非点源污染模型，该模型对研究区域的适应性较好，可用于流域非点源污染的模拟研究；对非点源污染负荷时间分布规律的分析表明，研究区域各水文年的非点源污染负荷为丰水年＞平水年＞枯水年，而且发生在汛期（7－10月）的TN、TP流失量分别在60%和70%以上；对非点源污染空间分布特征的分析发现，研究区域内污染的关键区域主要为万荣与新绛县部分子流域，该部分区域降雨量、土壤侵蚀性均较大，并且坡度也相较其他区域大，因而产沙量相对较大，再加上农业活动的影响最终导致非点源污染相对较大，由此可见控制非点源负荷产出的关键在于减少流域的水土流失；对研究区域内TN、TP各类污染源贡献率进行分析可知，研究区域的非点源TN、TP负荷中分别有46.3%和53.5%为土壤养分流失所产生。【结论】汾河运城段非点源污染的控制重点在汛期（7－10月），采取相应措施减少水土流失、降低土壤养分流失、减少农业用肥量可以有效地控制研究区域的非点源污染。 |
| 关键词: SWAT模型 非点源污染 汾河运城段 |
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| 基金项目:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目（20126118110015）；陕西省科技统筹创新工程重点项目（2013SZS02-Z01）；山西省水利技术研究项目（2013年） |
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| SWAT model based simulation of non point source pollution for Yuncheng section of Fen river |
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LI Dan,FENG Minquan,BAI Jizhong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper simulated the non-point source pollution of Yuncheng section of Fen river to provide basis for pollution control.【Method】The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was constructed to simulate and calibrate non-point source pollution of Yuncheng section of Fen river.Monthly observed runoff,sediment and water quality data from 2005 to 2010 at Hejin hydrological station were used to verify the model.【Result】(1) The non point source pollution model including soil erosion,hydrological processes and pollution load sub models had good adaptability in the study area,and can be used for simulation of non-point source pollution.(2) The result of time-distribution regularity showed that the non point source pollution load was in the order of rainy year>normal year>dry year.The amounts of TN loss and TP loss in flood season (July to October) accounted for more than 60% and 70% of total annual loads.(3) Analysis of spatial-distribution regularity showed that some sub-basins of Wanrong and Xinjiang were heavily polluted since the sediment production was more due to large precipitation,soil erosion,slope,and agricultural activities.(4) The loss of soil nutrients contributed to 46.3% and 53.5% to total TN and TP loads.【Conclusion】Appropriate measures such as reducing soil erosion,loss of soil nutrients and agricultural fertilization should be taken in flood season (July to October) for controlling non-point source pollution for Yuncheng section of Fen river. |
| Key words: SWAT model non-point source pollution Yuncheng section of Fen river |
