| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨在陕西省不同生态区中，温湿度、降雨、日照时数等主要气候因子对丹参主要药效成分积累的影响，并对丹参2类主要药效成分积累水平与生境气候因子的相关性进行分析，为科学拓展丹参适宜种植区和中药材“成分定向培育”提供理论指导。【方法】将相同种源的丹参（Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge）种苗于同时期按照统一的人工管理要求，栽植于陕西省3种典型气候区和1个过渡气候带的22个试验区中，通过中国气象科学数据共享中心平台和陕西省经济作物气象服务台获取各试验区的主要气候因子信息，各试验点选取直径0.3～0.6 cm的干燥丹参根条，采用RP-HPLC指纹图谱技术检测丹参主要药效成分，研究不同气候条件下丹参根中迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B和总丹参酮（隐丹参酮+丹参酮Ⅰ+丹参酮ⅡA）的积累水平、差异规律及其与生境主要气候因子的相关性。【结果】丹参根中的酚酸类成分相对含量由南至北基本表现为“高 低 高”的变化趋势，而酮类成分则随纬度升高显著降低。总酚酸类与总丹参酮类含量的比值为8.44～25.64，具有北高南低的特点；陕北大陆性半干旱季风气候区的总酚酸类与总丹参酮类含量的比值偏高，表现为酚酸高而酮低，其中榆林的总酚酸含量是总丹参酮含量的25.64倍；陕西南部北亚热带湿润季风气候区二者比值高于关中地区暖温带半湿润气候区和商洛地区暖温带湿润气候区，酚酸类和酮类含量水平均相对较高。丹参根中总丹参酮的积累水平与气候因子的相关性较强，强弱顺序为年均相对湿度＞年均0～20 cm地温＞年均水汽压＞年累积日照时数＞年均温度＞年均昼夜温差＞年活动积温＞年均风速。【结论】温暖湿润的环境条件更有利于丹参酮类物质代谢的积累；丹参酚酸类成分在不同气候条件下未表现出规律性，气候因子对酚酸类成分的调控机制更为复杂。 |
| 关键词: 生态环境 气候因子 丹参 药效成分 丹酚酸B 丹参酮 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（81373908）；陕西省科技计划项目（2016SF-351）；陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心自然科学基金项目（QBXT Z（P） 15 3） |
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| Impact of climatic factors on medicinal components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in different ecological regions in Shaanxi |
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ZHANG Chenlu,LIANG Zongsuo,GAO Feng,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper studied the influences of various climatic factors including temperature,humidity,rainfall,and sunshine hours on medicinal components accumulation of Salvia miltiorrhiza in different ecological regions to provide scientific guidance for future planting.【Method】The accumulation characteristics of medicinal components of S.miltiorrhiza in 22 experimental sites at three typical climate zones and one transition climate zone in Shaanxi were investigated.S.miltiorrhiza seedlings with same genotype were planted based on unified artificial management requirements in each site at spring.The climatic factors were obtained from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System and Shaanxi Agricultural Meteorological Service Center.This experiment used class dry roots with diameter of 0.3-0.6 cm diameter from various sites.Main medicinal components of S.miltiorrhiza root were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).【Result】Phenolic acids showed high-low-high from south to north roughly,while ketone components decreased significantly as the increase of latitude.The ratio of phenolic acids to tanshinones was 8.44-25.64 with the trend of high in north and low in south.The semiarid zones in north China was characterized by low tanshinones and high phenolic acids.In Yulin,the ratio of phenolic acids to tanshinones was 25.64.The ratio in south Shaanxi was higher than that in central Shaanxi and warm temperate humid zone in Shangluo.The correlation analysis between medicinal components and meteorological factors showed that the factors affecting accumulation of tanshinones were in the order of average annual relative humidity>average annual aboveground (0-20 cm) temperature>average annual vapor pressure>annual cumulative sunshine hours>annual average temperature>average annual temperature difference day and night>active accumulated temperature>average wind speed.【Conclusion】Warm and wet climate conditions were more conducive to accumulation of tanshinones.There was no regularity in phenolic acids at different climate conditions.The effect of environmental factors was very complex. |
| Key words: ecological environments climatic factors Salvia miltiorrhiza active components phenolic acids B tanshinones |
