| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究施用不同处理牛粪后大豆重茬土壤中腐殖质的组分含量及结构特征变化。【方法】以大豆“九黑1号”为供试品种，设置单施化肥处理（对照，CK）、风干牛粪处理（X）、腐解牛粪处理（F）和蛴螬牛粪处理（Q），采用室内盆栽试验，于2011年5月在施用不同处理牛粪的土壤中第1次播种大豆，09-30收获；2012年5月继续在各处理土壤中播种大豆，09-30收获后采集0～20 cm土层土壤，用元素分析法、红外光谱分析法（IR）及核磁共振光谱法（13C-NMR），研究不同处理牛粪对大豆重茬土壤中胡敏酸（HA）、富里酸（FA）组分的元素组成和结构特性的影响。【结果】不同处理牛粪对大豆重茬土壤HA和FA的元素（C、H、O、N）组成影响有明显差异。不同处理牛粪可以提高大豆重茬土壤HA的氧化度，降低缩合度，使大豆重茬土壤FA氧化度降低。大豆重茬土壤HA含有更多的长链烷烃和酚基碳，FA含有更多的支链和短链烷基碳，且FA的芳化度比HA低。与CK相比，施用牛粪的各处理大豆重茬土壤中HA的烷基成分、羧酸化合物、酰胺类化合物和芳香环类化合物减少，而碳水化合物或多糖类成分增加，脂化度升高，芳化度下降；土壤中FA的烷基成分、多肽类化合物、芳香环类化合物和碳水化合物减少。对不同牛粪处理土壤进行对比分析发现，风干牛粪处理（X）明显增加了大豆重茬土壤HA和FA的羧酸化合物含量，腐解牛粪处理（F）明显增加了大豆重茬土壤FA烷基成分和碳水化合物成分，蛴螬牛粪处理（Q）下大豆重茬土壤HA的碳水化合物或糖类成分明显增加。【结论】不同处理牛粪对大豆重茬土壤HA和FA的元素组成与结构特征产生了不同程度的影响，且明显增加了土壤HA酚基碳含量。 |
| 关键词: 牛粪 大豆 重茬土壤 腐殖质 胡敏酸 富里酸 元素组成 结构特征 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“松辽平原区农牧结合循环生产技术集成研究与示范项目”(2012BAD14B05)；国家科技支撑计划项目“东北与黄淮海粮食主产区适应气候变化技术研发与应用”(2013BAC09B01)；吉林省科技厅重点科技成果转化项目“高效多功能夹心肥料的示范与推广”(20130303035NY) |
|
| Effect of cow dung on elemental composition and structural characteristics of soil humus in soybean continuous cropping field |
|
MENG Anhua,ZHANG Zhendu,WU Jinggui
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effects of different cow dung applications on elemental composition and structural characteristics of soil humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) in soybean cropping field were investigated.【Method】Indoor pot experiments were used to compare single chemical fertilization treatment (CK), dried cow dung treatment (X),rotting cow dung treatment (F),and grubs manure treatment (Q) using “Nine black 1” as tested varieties.The effect of different cow dung on elemental composition and structural characteristics of soil HA and FA in soybean continuous cropping filed. The first soybean was planted in May 2011 and harvested on 09-30 while the second soybean was planted in May 2012 and harvested on 09-30.Then,samples were collected at depth of 0-20 cm and analyzed by element analysis,infrared spectrum analysis (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR).【Result】There were significant differences in elemental composition (C,H,O,N) of soil HA and FA among different manure applications in soybean continuous cropping field.Different manure treatments increased the oxidation degree of HA,reduced the condensation degree,and decreased oxidation degree of FA.HA contained more long-chain alkanes and phenol-based carbon,and FA contained more branched and short carbon chain alkyl.The aromatization degree of FA was lower than that of HA.Compared with CK (without cow dung),manure treatments reduced the carboxylic acid compounds,amides and aromatic compounds,carbohydrates or sugars,aryl degree of HA and composition,while increased the degree of fat.Cow treatments also reduced the group composition of peptide compounds,aromatic compounds and carbohydrates of soil FA.Dried manure treatment (X) significantly increased the carboxylic acid compounds of HA and FA,the decomposing manure treatment (F) significantly increased carbohydrate composition and alkyl of FA,and grubs manure treatment (Q) significantly increased the carbohydrates or sugars in HA.【Conclusion】The effects of different cattle manures on elemental composition and structural characteristics of soil HA and FA in soybean continuous cropping field were different.Phenol based carbon was greatly increased. |
| Key words: cow dung soybean continuous soil humus humic acid fulvic acid elemental composition structural properties |
