| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究高产密植条件下不同行距配置对冬小麦茎秆形态结构、生理及产量的影响，为冬小麦稳产和高产栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】于2013－2015年度连续2个小麦生长季，以高产冬小麦品种百农207为材料，在375万株/hm2基本苗下，设置13.3 cm（R1）、16.7 cm（R2）、20 cm（R3，传统行距）和23.3 cm（R4）4个行距处理，研究行距配置对冬小麦茎秆形态结构、基部节间C/N值和田间倒伏情况及产量的影响。【结果】相对于传统行距R3，适当缩小行距可使相同生育时期小麦的群体总茎蘖数增多，茎秆基部节间和穗下节间的粗度和壁厚增大，机械强度提高，维管束数量增多、面积变大，C/N增高，田间倒伏程度降低，植株抗倒能力增强。就产量而言，行距适当变窄虽然降低了百农207的穗粒数，却能提高成穗数和千粒质量，致使产量提高，其中以行距R2的产量最高。2个连续生长季，行距R2的平均实际产量分别比R3和R4提高6.7%和10.85%。通过适当缩小行距能够使小麦植株分布均匀，竞争减弱，使产量构成因素实现最佳配置，从而获得较高的产量。【结论】综合考虑籽粒产量和茎秆特性，行距R2（16.7 cm）处理是本试验条件下兼顾高产与抗倒伏的最佳行距配置。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦 行距配置 茎秆 形态结构 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31540040）；河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目（13A210286） |
|
| Effects of row spacing on stem morphological physiology and yield of winter wheat |
|
YANG Wenping,HU Xiqiao,WANG Xiaolong,et al
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the effects of different row spacing patterns on stem morphological structure,physiology and yield of winter wheat to provide technological guidance for high and stable yield of winter wheat.【Method】With the high yield winter wheat cultivar Bainong 207 as test material,a field experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 wheat growing seasons to study effects of different row spacing patterns including 13.3 cm（R1）,16.7 cm（R2）,20 cm（R3,traditional row spacing）and 23.3 cm（R4）on stem morphological structure,C/N ratio,field lodging degree and yield of wheat with the density of 3.75 million/hm2.【Result】Compared to traditional row spacing R3,narrower row spacing significantly enhanced population,internode thickness,wall thickness,mechanical strength,number and area of vascular bundles of internode,C/N ratio,and lodging resistance.In terms of yield,narrow row spacing increased yield by increasing ear numbers and kernel weight although grains per spike were reduced.R2 had the maximum yield among treatments.In the two consecutive growing seasons,actual mean yield for R2 increased by 6.7% and 10.85% compared to R3 and R4.Reducing row spacing had even plant-to-plant distribution,weakened competition,and optimized yield structure factors.【Conclusion】Considering grain yield and stem characteristics synthetically,R2 (16.7 cm) was the best row spacing with high yield and lodging resistance. |
| Key words: winter wheat row spacing form stem morphological physiology |
