| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解西藏林芝地区果园春季大型土壤动物群落的结构特征，为进一步开展该地区农林交错地带土壤动物及农田土壤害虫综合防治研究提供基础资料。【方法】2014年4-5月，利用对角线五点采样法和国际通用的手拣法，对西藏大学农牧学院实习果园内的大型土壤动物进行采样以及鉴定分类，对土壤动物群落结构组成、多样性及在0～20 cm土层中的分布进行研究。【结果】在西藏农牧学院实习果园中共获得土壤动物194头，隶属 4 门 6 纲14目，4门分别为软体动物门、线虫动物门、环节动物门、节肢动物门，6纲分别为腹足纲、线虫纲、寡毛纲、蛛形纲、唇足纲、昆虫纲。优势类群为寡毛纲正蚓目及昆虫纲鞘翅目（幼虫）、鳞翅目(幼虫)、膜翅目，常见类群为柄眼目、咀刺目、蜘蛛目、蜈蚣目、双翅目、革翅目、半翅目、同翅目，无稀有类群。优势类群占总数的 74.87%，构成西藏林芝地区春季果园大型土壤动物的主要类群。鞘翅目(幼虫)所占比例最大，为 27.75%；咀刺目和蜈蚣目所占比例最少，均为1.05%。环节动物门的丰富度指数较高，为0.325 6；节肢动物门次之，为0.202 7；软体动物门和线虫动物门丰富度指数均较小，分别为0.064 5和0.047 2。多样性指数和均匀性指数的变化趋势总体与丰富度指数一致。在 0～20 cm土层，土壤动物的类群、个体总数及其所占比例均呈先增后减趋势，其中在5～10 cm土层以上3个指标均较大。【结论】西藏林芝地区果园春季大型土壤动物群落物种丰富，基本呈聚集分布状态，类群数量分布基本均匀，但在土层中的垂直分布表现出明显的表聚性。 |
| 关键词: 春季果园 土壤动物 群落结构 西藏林芝 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41561054）；西藏自治区自然科学基金项目（2015ZR-13-26）；西藏自治区高校重点实验室建设项目 |
|
| Community structure of soil macrofauna in spring orchard of Linzhi,Tibet |
|
ZANG Jiancheng,TANG Xiaoqin,ZHAI Yunxia,et al
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the community structure characteristics of soil macrofauna in spring orchard of Linzhi to provide basis for comprehensive prevention of farmland soil animals and pests in farming and forestry mixed region.【Method】During April and May of 2014, the diagonal five point sampling method and internationally accepted hand picking method were used to collect,identify,and classify soil macrofauna in internship orchard of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College of Tibet University.The community structure,composition,diversity and distribution of soil macrofauna in soil depth of 0-20 cm soil were also investigated.【Result】A total of 194 soil animals were obtained,belonging to 14 orders,6 classes and 4 phylums.The 4 phylums were Mollusca,Nematode,Annelida,and Arthropoda and the 6 classes were Gastropoda,Nematoda,Oligochaeta,Arachnida,Chilopoda,and Insecta.Among them,the dominant groups were Lumbricida of Oligochaeta and Coleoptera(larvae),as well as Lepidoptera (larvae) and Hymenoptera of Insecta.Common groups were Stylommatophora,Enoplida,Araneeida,Solopendromorpha,Diptera,Dermaptera,Hemiptera,and Homoptera.There were no rare groups.Coleoptera(larvae) had the largest ratio of 27.75% while Enoplida and Scolopendromropha had the smallest ratio of 1.05% each.Dominant groups accounted for 74.87%,and they were the main groups of soil macrofauna.The richness index of Annelida was the highest of 0.325 6,followed by Arthropod with the index of 0.202 7.Richness index of Mollusca and Nematode were 0.064 5 and 0.047 2,respectively.The diversity index and evenness index changed identically to the richness index.In the soil layer of 0-20 cm,the taxa,total number and ratio of soil animal all showed a trend of increasing after decreasing,and the layer of 5-10 cm had the largest values.【Conclusion】The soil macrofauna species in spring orchard in Linzhi were rich.They showed aggregated distribution with even number of groups,but the vertical distribution showed clear surface aggregation. |
| Key words: spring orchard soil animal community structure Linzhi,Tibet |
