| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究调亏灌溉对黄土高原地区枣树生长与果实品质和产量的影响，揭示枣树不同生育阶段进行调亏灌溉的适宜度。【方法】2009-2011年，在陕西省米脂县孟岔试验站的枣树试验林进行调亏灌溉试验，试验设置充分灌水(对照)、萌芽展叶期中度调亏灌水(T1)、开花坐果期中度调亏灌水(T2)、果实膨大期中度调亏灌水(T3)和果实成熟期重度调亏灌水(T4)共5个处理，其中充分灌水处理保证土壤含水率不低于田间持水量的60%，否则按定额30 mm灌水；中度调亏处理灌水定额为15 mm，灌水时间与对照相同；重度调亏处理不灌水。试验期间每5 d测定1次土壤水分和新梢长度，枣果成熟后分处理测定产量及果实品质指标。【结果】萌芽展叶期和开花坐果期中度调亏处理均显著(P<0.05)抑制了枣树的新梢生长, 与对照相比，2009,2010和2011年新梢长度的降幅分别达到28.8%，35.6%，32.5%和6.5%，9.9%，7.2%。T1处理的产量较对照减少2.6%，但各项品质指标的变化幅度不大；T2处理的产量较对照减少14.0%，但对果实可溶性固形物的提高效果最为显著，与对照相比提高25.3%；T3处理的产量较对照降低12.6%，单果体积降低18.7%，单果质量降低16.9%，果实含水率降低8.0%，果实硬度提高11.0%，可溶性蛋白减少16.3%，且差异均达显著水平； T4处理的产量较对照提高3.9%，并且在降低坏果率和有机酸含量、提高果实维生素C含量等方面效果显著，其中坏果率和有机酸含量分别较对照降低19.7%和23.9%，果实维生素C含量较对照升高20.9%。【结论】综合考量各调亏灌溉处理的影响，确定果实成熟期和开花坐果期分别为黄土高原地区枣树最适宜和最不适宜调亏灌溉的生育阶段。 |
| 关键词: 枣树 调亏灌溉 黄土高原 营养生长 产量与品质 |
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| 基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目（SQ2010AA1000690006）；“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BAD88B05）；河北省社会科学基金项目（HB15GL037）；石家庄经济学院博士科研启动基金项目（BQ201513） |
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| Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on growth,fruit quality and yield of jujubes in the Loess Plateau |
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HU Yongxiang,LI Yuannong,ZHANG Ying,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This paper studied the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on growth,fruit quantity and quality of jujubes in the Loess Plateau to explore the suitability of regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages.【Method】The regulated deficit irrigation experiment of jujubes was conducted during 2009-2011 in Mengcha field station,Mizhi,Shaanxi.There were five treatments:sufficient irrigation treatment (CK),moderate water deficit irrigation in sprout-leaf development period (T1),moderate water deficit irrigation in flowering and fruit-setting period (T2),moderate water deficit irrigation in fruit development period (T3),and severe water deficit irrigation in fruit mature period (T4).CK ensured that the water content was no less than 60% of the field capacity.Otherwise,a fixed irrigation of 30 mm was conducted.Moderate deficit irrigation was 15 mm.Severe deficit irrigation had no irrigation. During the experiment,soil moisture and shoot length were examined every 5 d.The yield and fruit quality index were examined after ripening.【Result】Moderate water deficit significantly (P<0.05) reduced shoots growth of jujubes by 28.8% (2009),35.6% (2010) and 32.5% (2011) in sprout leaf development stage and 6.5% (2009),9.9% (2010) and 7.2% (2011) in flowering and fruit setting period.The yield under T1 was decreased by 2.6% compared to CK and quality indexes changed slightly.T2 decreased yield by 14.0% but significantly improved fruit soluble solid content by 25.3%.T3 significantly decreased yield,average fruit volume,average fruit mass,fruit water content,and soluble protein by 12.6%,18.7%,16.9%,8.0%,and 16.3%,while increased fruit firmness by 11.0%.T4 increased yield and vitamin C content of fruit by 3.9% and 20.9% while it significantly reduced bad fruit rate and organic acid content by 19.7% and 23.9%.【Conclusion】Fruit mature period and fruit setting period are the most suitable and unsuitable growth period for regulated deficit irrigation,respectively. |
| Key words: jujube regulated deficit irrigation Loess Plateau vegetative growth yield and quality |
