| 摘要: |
| 【目的】设计一款基于比例施肥泵和嵌入式控制器的轻简式灌溉施肥机，为实现温室大棚无土栽培的肥水一体化灌溉与施肥提供支持。【方法】灌溉施肥机的结构采用轻型的铝型材配以万向轮进行设计，硬件主要包括比例施肥泵、嵌入式STM32控制器、HMI触控屏、多路传感器、电磁阀及营养液混合泵等，实现6种肥水信息的在线监测、多路执行设备的实时控制与人机交互；同时为实现肥水精准混合建立营养液稀释模型。【结果】成功设计了温室轻简式灌溉施肥机，在温室进行的肥水混合灌溉试验表明，灌溉施肥机作业前营养液母液自混合3 min以上，能够消除营养液母液沉淀产生的肥水不均匀问题，灌溉施肥机电导率（Ec）控制精度误差≤0.02 mS/cm，标准偏差为 0～2.83%，能够满足温室无土栽培作物的灌溉施肥要求。【结论】所设计的灌溉施肥机具有较高的肥水混合精度，能有效提高肥水利用率，建立的营养液稀释模型为确定作物不同生长期适宜的肥水混合比例提供了一种快速、简便的方法。 |
| 关键词: 无土栽培 灌溉施肥机 机械设计 营养液稀释模型 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“基于作物信息融合的多尺度温室环境控制系统研究”（61273227） |
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| Design of light and simplified fertigation machine for greenhouse |
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DI Jiao,WANG Xiaochan,SUN Guoxiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】A light and simplified fertigation machine based on proportional fertilizer pump and embedded controller was designed for soilless cultivation in tunnel greenhouse to provide support for achieving integrated fertigation.【Method】Structure of this machine consisted of light aluminum profile with universal wheels,and hardware mainly included proportional fertilization pump,embedded STM32 controller,HMI touch system,multi channel sensors,solenoid valves and nutrition mixing pump.The machine had the characteristics of online monitoring of 6 fertilizers,real-time control of multiple execution device and human computer interaction.Nutrition liquid dilution model was also established to achieve precise mixing of fertilizers.【Result】The light and simplified fertigation machine for greenhouse was designed successfully.Fertilizer mixed irrigation experiments showed that self mixing of mother nutrient solution over 3 minutes before fertilization could eliminate the problem of non uniform caused by nutrient solution precipitate.The precision error of Ec value control was less than 0.02 mS/cm with standard deviation of 0-2.83%,which met the requirement of soilless cultivation in greenhouse.【Conclusion】The designed fertigation machine with high fertilizers mixing precision could effectively improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer,and the built nutrition liquid dilution model provided an analysis method for fast,simple and convenient determination of suitable fertilizer proportions for crops at different growth periods. |
| Key words: soilless cultivation fertigation machine mechanical design nutrition liquid dilution model |
