| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究围封前后冀北山地华北落叶松人工林土壤动物结构组成及多样性的时空变化规律，探讨围封对落叶松人工林土壤动物群落结构的影响。【方法】于2013年5，7，9月，在河北省围场县龙头山林场，选取围封（2007年围封）与未围封华北落叶松人工林样地，调查土壤动物的种类和数量，测定土壤动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）、Pieluo均匀度指数（J）、密度 类群指数（DG）和Jaccard相似性系数；利用Pearson相关性分析法分析土壤动物群落特征与土壤理化性质的关系。【结果】①调查共获得土壤动物13 816头，隶属于3门7纲17目，分为58个类群，其中大型土壤动物398头，分为40个类群；中小型土壤动物13 418头，分为38个类群。②总体而言，围封区土壤动物类群数、平均密度、H、J和DG指数高于未围封区，且围封后中小型土壤动物类群数和平均密度均明显增加。③除了7月份大型土壤动物的平均密度以及中小型土壤动物类群数表现为围封区小于未围封区外，各月份土壤动物的平均密度和类群数基本表现为围封区高于未围封区。随时间推移围封和未围封区土壤动物平均密度和类群数变化趋势一致，其中大型土壤动物平均密度表现为5月＞9月＞7月，中小型土壤动物平均密度表现为5月＜7月＜9月。大型土壤动物H、J和DG的月份间动态在2区内不同，而中小型土壤动物的H、J和DG在2试验区内随时间的变化趋势一致，表现为7月＞9月＞5月。围封与未围封样地大型土壤动物和中小型土壤动物群落的相似性系数分别为0.50和0.53，达中等相似水平。④在土壤剖面垂直水平上，大型土壤动物类群数与平均密度最大值出现在 0～10 cm土层，而中小型土壤动物类群数与平均密度则随土壤深度的增加而递减。⑤土壤动物的群落特征与凋落物含水量、有机质含量及土壤pH、有机质含量呈显著或极显著相关关系。【结论】围封后降低了人为干扰，促进了林下植被更新，改善了林地凋落物和土壤的理化性质，从而在一定程度上提高了土壤动物的多样性。 |
| 关键词: 围封 落叶松人工林 土壤动物 群落结构 空间分布 季节变化 |
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| 基金项目:“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目“华北土石山区森林可持续经营技术研究与示范”（2012BAD22B0304） |
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| Impact of enclosure on soil faunal communities of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in northern Hebei mountain area |
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GAO Min,MA Xiang-li,YANG Jin-yu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed spatio-temporal variations of soil fauna communities and biodiversities in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in northern Hebei mountain area which was fenced in 2007 to understand the impacts of enclosure on soil fauna communities.【Method】Soil fauna were sampled by hand pick and Tullgren’s method in both enclosed and unenclosed Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in Longtoushan forestry,Weichang county,Hebei from May to September 2013.Group number,mean density,Shannon biodiversity (H),Pielou evenness (J),Density-group (DG) and Jaccard similarity coefficient were calculated and correlation analysis between soil fauna community and soil physicochemical properties was calculated.【Result】① A total of 13 816 individuals belonging to 3 phyla 7 classes 17 orders 58 groups were identified.There were 398 macrofauna specimen belonging to 45 groups and 13 418 meso-microfauna specimen belonging to 38 groups.② The group number,mean density and i>H,J and DG indexes of soil fauna in enclosed plots were higher than those in unenclosed plots.The increase of group number and mean density of meso-microfauna community was significant.③ Each month,the soil fauna community of enclosed stands showed higher group number and mean density except for macrofauna mean density and meso-microfauna group number in July.In both enclosed and unenclosed plots,group number and mean density of soil fauna showed same seasonal changing trends.The order for macrofauna mean density was May＞September＞July,and that for meso-microfauna mean density was September＞July＞May.i>H,J and DG indexes of macrofauna community were different between enclosed and unenclosed plots as time changed,while i>H,J and DG indexes of meso-microfauna community showed same trend of July＞September＞May.The Jaccard similarity coefficients of macrofauna and meso-microfauna communities of the two plantation plots were 0.50 and 0.53,respectively.④ In the soil depth of 0-10 cm,macrofauna appeared maximum group number and mean density,while meso-microfauna decreased obviously with increase of soil depth.⑤ Correlation analysis indicated that soil fauna communities were significantly or highly significantly correlated with water content and organic content of litter as well as pH and organic content of soil.【Conclusion】Enclosure of Larix plantations reduced human disturbance,enhanced undergrowth vegetation regenerations,improved litter and soil physicochemical properties,and soil fauna biodiversity. |
| Key words: enclosure Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation soil fauna community structure spatial distribution seasonal variation |
