| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究秋季叶面喷肥对红地球葡萄树体生长和果实品质及产量的影响，从而获得最佳秋季喷肥配方，为红地球葡萄优质丰产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2012 10在陕西渭南红地球葡萄果实采收后，以喷清水为对照，设置4个不同配方叶面喷肥，每10 d喷施1次，共喷施3次，在2013年春季测定不同处理红地球葡萄萌芽期冬芽的纵横径，于新梢生长期测定新梢直径及长度，于花蕾期测定花粉生活力及叶面积，于果实成熟期测定果实的外观品质、营养品质和产量。【结果】与对照相比，各喷肥处理使红地球葡萄的冬芽纵、横径，新梢直径、长度及叶面积和花粉生活力等均有不同程度的提高，增幅分别为12.15%～43.81%，1.84%～32.24%，8.08%～11.86%，26.62%～68.56%，3.23%～9.81%，13.68%～58.50%。各喷肥处理的百粒质量和百粒体积分别较对照增加10～20 g，2.1～11.9 cm3；各喷肥处理果蒂拉力和硬度分别为6.87～7.21 N，3.90～4.58 kg/cm2,均低于对照(7.72 N,4.60 kg/cm2)。各喷肥处理的可溶性固形物、Vc含量、糖酸比分别较对照高0.7%～2.1%,0.012 5～0.248 8 mg/hg，9.343 6～16.070 3，且可滴定酸含量均低于对照。各喷肥处理的总产量增幅为21.47%～57.25%，其中处理4和处理5的总产量增幅都达到57%左右。【结论】与其他喷肥处理相比，处理4和处理5可以有效促进红地球葡萄树体生理生长、改善果实品质及提高果实产量。处理4（第1次.1.5%磷肥+0.6%铁肥+0.5%钙肥；第2次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%铁肥+1.0%钙肥；第3次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%铁肥+1.0%钙肥）和处理5（第1次.1.5%磷肥+0.6%镁肥+0.5%锌肥；第2次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%镁肥+1.0%锌肥；第3次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%镁肥+1.0%锌肥）是较好秋季喷肥配方。 |
| 关键词: 秋季 叶面喷肥 红地球葡萄 果实品质 产量 |
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| 基金项目:国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项（200903044-4） |
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| Effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on growth and fruit quality of Red Globe grapes |
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LU Chun-yan,CHEN Xiao-yan,GUO Gai-gai,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The study investigated the effect of autumn foliar application of fertilizers on body growth, fruit quality and yields of Red Globe grapes to obtain the best pray fertilizer formulation and provide basis for raising fertility and quality of Red Globe grapes.【Method】In October 2012,after harvest of Red Globe grape fruit in Weinan,Shaanxi,the experiment was conducted with clear water as control and treatments of four different formulas of autumn foliar fertilizer.The spraying was conducted every 10 d for 3 times.In spring 2013,vertical and horizontal diameters of winter buds at the germination stage,diameters and lengths of new shoots,pollen viability and leaf area at flowering stage,and fruit appearance quality,nutritional quality and yield at ripening stage were measured.【Result】Compared with the control,all treatments with autumn foliar application of fertilizers had improvements on transverse and longitude diameters of winter buds,shoots diameter,shoots length,leaf area,and pollen viability of Red Globe grapes with the rates of 12.15%-43.81%,1.84%-32.24%,8.08%-11.86%,26.62%-68.56%,3.23%-9.81%,and 13.68%-58.50%,respectively.The 100-grain weights and 100-grain volumes of treatments were increased by 10-20 g and 2.1-11.9 cm3,respectively.The carpopodium pull and firmness of treatments were 6.87-7.21 N and 3.90-4.58 kg/cm2,lower than those of control (7.72 N and 4.60 kg/cm2).Total soluble solid,ascorbic acid,and sugar-acid ratio of spraying fertilizer treatments were 0.7%-2.1%, 0.012 5-0.248 8 mg/hg,and 9.343 6-16.070 3 higher than those of control.Titratable acid contents of all treatments were lower than that of control.Total yields of these treatments were increased by 21.47%-57.25%,and treatment 4 and 5 of the output achieved more than 57%.【Conclusion】Compared with control and other treatments,the spray fertilizer formulas of treatments 4 and 5 effectively promoted the physical growth of trees,improved fruit quality and increased production of fruit.Treatment 4 spray fertilizer formula (The first time.1.5% phosphorus fertilizer+0.6% iron fertilizer+0.5% calcium fertilizer;The second time.2.0% phosphorus fertilizer+2.0% iron fertilizer+1.0% calcium fertilizer;The thrid time.2.0% phosphate fertilizer+2.0% iron fertilizer+1.0% calcium) and treatment 5 spray fertilizer formula （The first time.1.5% phosphorus fertilizer+0.6% magnesium fertilizer+0.5% zinc fertilizer;The second time.2.0% phosphate fertilizer+2.0% magnesium fertilizer+1.0% zinc fertilizer;The thrid time.2.0% phosphate fertilizer+2.0% magnesium fertilizer+1.0% zinc fertilizer) were good formulas for autumn foliar application. |
| Key words: autumn foliar fertilizer Red Globe grapes fruit quality yields |
