| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析单、双铲深松作业效果及评价方法，为提高耕作质量和减少能源消耗的深松作业提供决策依据。【方法】以箭形深松铲为对象，在模拟大田土壤环境的基础上，利用室内土槽研究了单、双铲深松作业效果及评价方法，提出了土壤硬度变化系数、土壤体积膨松系数、单位松土带宽度耕作阻力系数和土壤相互扰动系数等4个评价指标。【结果】（1）单、双铲深松作业后的平均土垄高度差分别为7.342 cm和6.492 cm，双铲比单铲的平均土垄高度差减少11.58%，说明双铲深松后的地表平整性优于单铲，且深松铲间距是影响土壤体积膨松程度的主要因素，其对深松后土壤形成的垄形与坑形有重要影响；（2）在土壤扰动区域内，当深松深度为3～17 cm时，双铲作业的土壤硬度变化程度较单铲显著，当深度为17～30 cm时，单铲作业的土壤硬度变化程度大于双铲；（3）深松单位松土带宽度时，双铲的平均耕作阻力为单铲的0.668倍，较单铲减少69.31 N，双铲的能耗较单铲减少33.2%；（4）双铲的土壤相互扰动系数为1.170，深松铲布局方式对土壤扰动有重要影响。【结论】本研究结果有利于深入理解单、双铲的深松作业效果，促进符合节能减阻要求的深松机具的研发及田间作业机器系统的优化选用。 |
| 关键词: 农业机械 深松铲 土槽试验 耕作效果 评价方法 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省农业科技攻关项目（2013K02-11）；杨凌示范区科技计划项目（2014NY-29） |
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| Subsoiling test and evaluation methodology of tillage quality |
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HUANG Yu-xiang,HANG Cheng-guang,LI Wei,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Subsoiling quality of single and double subsoilers were analyzed to provide basis for subsoiling quality evaluation,tillage quality improvement and energy consumption reduction.【Method】Using single and double arrow shaped subsoilers as object,this paper studied the subsoiling effectiveness and its evaluation method,based on simulated farmland test environment and soil bin.Besides,four evaluation indexes including coefficient of variation of soil hardness,soil bulk volume expansivity,tillage drag coefficient per unit subsoil width, and interactive soil disturbance coefficient were proposed.【Result】(1) The surface smoothness of double subsoiler was better than that of single subsoiler after subsoiling,and the main influence factor of soil bulk volume expansivity was the interval between subsoilers,which had an important impact on the formative ridge shape and pit shape after subsoiling.(2) Double subsoiler had larger significant hardness change than single subsoiler when subsoiling depth was 3 to 17 cm,while the hardness change of single subsoiler was bigger than double subsoiler when subsoiling depth was 17 to 30 cm.(3) Compared to single subsoiler with the same average width,average tillage resistance of double shovel was 69.31 N less than single shovel,and energy consumption decreased by 33.2%.(4) The interactive soil disturbance coefficient of double subsoiler was 1.170,and subsoiler shape and its layout had important influence on soil disturbance.【Conclusion】The study helped to deeply understand the subsoiling effectiveness of single and double subsoilers and to promote the research and development of subsoiler for energy conservation and tillage resistance reduction and optimal selection of field operation machinery system. |
| Key words: agricultural machinery subsoiler soil bin test tillage quality evaluation method |
