| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确覆草旱种和控释肥对稻田CH4和N2O排放通量、累积排放量、温室效应及排放强度的影响，探讨稻田温室气体减排的有效措施，为水稻的科学栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间试验，用静态箱法采集气体，研究常规水田（对照）、覆草旱种稻田和覆草旱种控释肥稻田CH4和N2O日排放通量的变化规律及稻田CH4和N2O的累积排放量、温室效应和排放强度的变化。【结果】常规水田CH4排放主要集中在苗期、分蘖初期和最大分蘖期，持续时间为35 d；覆草旱种稻田和覆草旱种控释肥稻田CH4排放则主要集中在苗期和分蘖初期，持续时间均为15 d，二者的CH4累积排放量显著低于常规水田，仅为常规水田的20.00%和17.98%。常规水田仅在烤田期有少量N2O排放；覆草旱种稻田N2O排放集中在最大分蘖期，持续时间为10 d，累积排放量显著高于常规水田；覆草旱种控释肥稻田N2O排放集中在分蘖初期，持续时间为7 d，累积排放量与常规水田无显著差异，但显著低于覆草旱种稻田。覆草旱种对稻田CH4和N2O的全球增温潜势和排放强度无影响，但覆草旱种结合施用控释肥能显著降低稻田CH4和N2O的增温潜势和排放强度，与常规水田相比分别减少了77.66%和76.47%。【结论】覆草旱种配施控释肥是明显减少稻田温室效应的有效措施，是一种科学的水稻种植模式。 |
| 关键词: 控释肥 覆草旱种 晚稻 CH4 N2O |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(39970420，30871594，31071857)；国家基金与德国DFG合作项目；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD11B04）；广东高校工程技术研究中心建设项目（GCZX-A100） |
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| Effects of controlled release fertilizer and straw mulching upland rice on CH4 and N2O emissions from late rice field |
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LIU Fang,LI Tian-an,FAN Xiao-lin
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study specified the effect of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) and straw mulching upland rice (MUR) on CH4 and N2O fluxes,cumulative emissions,greenhouse effect and emission intensity of late rice field to explore effective measures for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and planting rice scientifically.【Method】 Three treatments,traditional paddy rice (PR),straw mulching upland (MU), and straw mulching upland fertilized with controlled release fertilizer (MUCRF) were designed with three replicates for each treatment for the farm of South China Agriculture University.Closed-chamber technique was conducted to collect CH4 and N2O fluxes from PR,MU and MUCRF treated fields every day after rice transplanting to compare their contributions to global warming.【Result】CH4 emission of PR concentrated in seedling stage,initial tillering stage and maximum tillering stage with the duration of 35 days.CH4 emissions of MU and MUCRF concentrated in seedling stage and initial tillering stage with the duration of 15 days.CH4 cumulative emissions of MU and MUCRF were significantly lower than that of PR with ratios of 20.00% and 17.98%.Little N2O was emitted from PR at the stage of drying paddy in sunshine.However,N2O emission of MU concentrated in maximum tillering stage and the emission peak last for 10 days.Its N2O cumulative emissions were higher than that of PR.N2O emission of MUCRF concentrated in initial tillering stage and the emission peak last for 7 days.There was no difference in N2O cumulative emissions between MUCRF and PR.However,N2O cumulative emissions of MUCRF were lower than that of MU.MU had no significant difference on global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity,but combined MU and CRF decreased global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity significantly by 77.66% and 76.47%,respectively.【Conclusion】Straw mulching upland fertilized with CRF was an effective measure to significantly reduce the greenhouse effect of rice field and a scientific mode for rice cultivation. |
| Key words: controlled release fertilizer straw mulching upland rice late rice CH4 emission N2O emission |
