| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨秋季断根、施肥对苹果幼树根系构型和生长发育的影响，为苹果早丰优栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2012-10，以3年生盆栽‘富士’苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh.)幼树为试材，以植株不进行任何处理为对照，设置断根、施用氮肥（以下简称施肥）和断根后施用氮肥（以下简称断根施肥）3个处理，研究不同处理对苹果根系长度、根系体积、根长密度、不同直径根系长度、光合作用及生长情况等的影响。【结果】与对照相比，断根施肥处理后树体根系长度、根长密度及根尖数显著增加，根系表面积、根系体积显著减少；直径≤1.0 mm的根系长度显著增加，直径＞1.0 mm的根系长度减少。同时，断根施肥处理后叶片净光合速率增加了13.3%，蒸腾速率下降了2.3%，水分利用效率提高了15.2%。另外，断根施肥处理还减少了长枝数、根冠比和平均叶面积，增加了短枝数。断根处理和施肥处理对苹果幼树根系构型、光合作用及生长也有一定影响，但对多数指标的影响均不如断根施肥处理显著。【结论】断根施肥处理可以显著提高苹果植株的光合作用，增加细根的数量和长度，其对于抑制营养生长，促进生殖生长具有重要作用。 |
| 关键词: 断根 施肥 苹果 光合作用 根系构型 生长 |
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| 基金项目:国家苹果产业技术体系项目（CARS-28） |
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| Effects of root pruning in autumn and fertilization on root architecture and growth of young Fuji apple trees in Weibei Loess Plateau |
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ZHOU Ke-you,TAO Jia,LIU Lu-lu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The influence of root pruning in autumn and fertilization on physiology and growth of apple trees was investigated to provide basis for good quality and efficient production of apple. 【Method】In October 2012,3 years old potted Fuji apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) trees were used as the experiment materials.Plants without any treatment were set as control,while other plants were set to root pruning,nitrogen fertilization (hereinafter referred to as fertilization) and fertilization after root pruning (root pruning and fertilization),respectively.Then the effects on photosynthesis,root length,root volume,root length density,root length of different diameters,and growth were analyzed.【Result】Root pruning and fertilization integrated treatment increased root length,root length density,and the number of root tips significantly,while decreased root surface area and root volume significantly.The root length with diameter of ≤1.0 mm increased significantly,while the root length with diameter of ＞1.0 mm decreased.Simultaneously,root pruning and fertilization integrated treatment increased net photosynthesis by 13.3%,decreased transpiration rate by 2.3%,and improved water use efficiency by 15.2%.Root pruning and fertilization treatment also reduced the number of long branches,the ratio of root to shoot and the average leaf area,while increased the number of spur.Separate root pruning and fertilization treatments also had an impact on root configuration,photosynthesis and growth of young apple tree,but the impact was not as significant as integrated root pruning and fertilization treatment.【Conclusion】Root pruning and fertilization treatment could significantly improve the photosynthesis of plants,decrease the root system redundancy,and increase the number and length of fine roots.Root pruning and fertilization treatment also played an important role in inhibiting vegetative growth and promoting reproductive growth. |
| Key words: root pruning fertilization apple trees photosynthesis root architecture growth |
