| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究在适肥和高肥水平下，顺序和非顺序衰老茎顶三叶和地上器官同化物积累及转运特性，为阐明小麦叶片非顺序衰老的生理生化机制提供理论指导。【方法】以生育后期（05-16）非顺序衰老发生率较高的小麦品种温麦19、豫麦19和兰考矮早8为材料，设高肥（尿素225 kg/hm2，磷酸二氢铵337 kg/hm2，春季追施尿素112 kg/hm2）和适肥（尿素150 kg/hm2，磷酸二氢铵225 kg/hm2，春季追施尿素75 kg/hm2）2个肥力水平，在小麦扬花期（04-22）、叶色倒置现象发生时期（05-16）和成熟期，分别采集参试小麦品种正置茎和倒置茎，测定2个肥力水平下顶三叶的绿叶面积及其叶片、叶鞘、地上营养器官、穗和籽粒的干质量，比较正置茎和倒置茎顶三叶各指标的差异。【结果】在适肥和高肥条件下，参试小麦品种正置茎绿叶面积均表现为旗叶＞倒二叶＞倒三叶，而倒置茎绿叶面积表现为倒二叶＞旗叶＞倒三叶。正置茎旗叶干物质积累量与倒二叶接近，均大于倒三叶；倒置茎倒二叶干物质积累量显著大于旗叶和倒三叶。正置茎和倒置茎顶三叶叶鞘干物质积累量均表现为旗叶叶鞘＞倒二叶叶鞘＞倒三叶叶鞘。正置茎地上营养器官花前同化物转运量、转运率和对籽粒的贡献率均大于倒置茎，而正置茎地上营养器官花后同化物转运量和对籽粒的贡献率均低于倒置茎。倒置茎籽粒千粒质量均显著高于正置茎。与适肥水平相比，高肥水平可以延缓叶片衰老，增加营养器官干物质积累量，减少营养器官花前同化物向籽粒的转运，提高千粒质量。【结论】在高肥和适肥条件下，参试小麦品种均有叶片非顺序衰老的发生，且生育后期小麦叶片的非顺序衰老有利于籽粒的充实。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦 非顺序衰老 肥力 同化物积累 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“叶片逆向衰老小麦生态变异特征及其形成机理”（31170366） |
|
| Effects of fertilizer on accumulation and transport of assimilative matter in sequential and non sequential senescence stems of winter wheat |
|
HUANG Wei,YANG Xia,YI Hua,et al
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The accumulation and transportation characteristics of assimilative matter in top three leaves and organs aboveground in sequential and non-sequential senescent stems were researched under high and appropriate fertilizer levels in order to provide theoretical guidance for understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of non-sequential senescence.【Method】Wenmai 19,Yumai 19 and Lankaoaizao 8 with high non-sequential senescence rates were planted at appropriate (urea 150 kg/hm2,ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 225 kg/hm2,and top dressing urea 75 kg/hm2) and high (urea 225 kg/hm2,ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 337 kg/hm2,and top dressing urea 112 kg/hm2) fertilizer levels.Conventional and inverted wheat stems were collected in anthesis (April 22),non-sequential senescence (May 16) and harvest periods,and green leaf area and dry weights of leaf,sheath,organs aboveground,spike and grain were measured and compared.【Result】With appropriate and high fertilizer levels,the area of green leaf in conventional stems was in the order of flag leaf >top second leaf >top third leaf,while in inverted stems were in the order of top second leaf>flag leaf >top third leaf.The dry matter accumulation of flag leaf in conventional stems was close to that of top second leaf and top third leaf.The dry matter accumulation of top second leaf in inversed stems was significantly greater than that of flag leaf and top third leaf.The dry matter accumulation was in the order of flag leaf sheath >top second leaf sheath>top third leaf sheath in both conventional stems and inversed stems.The transport amount,transportation rate and contribution to seeds of aboveground organs in conventional stems before anthesis were higher than that in inversed stems,while the transport amount and contribution after anthesis were lower than that in inversed stems.1 000-grain weight in conventional stems was significantly lower than that in inverted stems.Compared with appropriate fertilizer level,high fertilizer delayed leaf senescence,reduced assimilate transportation before anthesis,increased dry matter accumulation and 1 000-grain weight.【Conclusion】In high and appropriate fertilizer levels,non sequential senescence phenomenon occurred in all experimental wheat and it was beneficial to enrichment of grain. |
| Key words: winter wheat non-sequential senescence fertility level assimilative matter accumulation |
