| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同营养液滴灌量对温室番茄植株生长、果实产量及品质的影响,筛选适合日光温室土壤栽培番茄的最优营养液滴灌量。【方法】以番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum）“金鹏一号”为试材，采用槽式栽培的方法，以常规滴灌施肥为对照（CK），共设5个（T1、T2、T3、T4、T5）渐次递增的营养液滴灌量处理，以T3处理营养液（其中N、P2O5、K2O用量分别为610，270，1 069 kg/hm2，用水量为7 500 L/hm2）为标准，T1、T2、T4、T5处理营养液用量分别为T3处理的50%，70%，130%和150%，测定不同营养液处理番茄植株营养生长期株高、茎粗以及成熟果实内的可溶性总糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物及硝酸盐含量，并统计各处理的果实产量。【结果】在植株营养生长期，与CK相比，处理T5茎粗增加1.15 mm，株高/茎粗降低，番茄植株长势较好；随营养液滴灌量的增加，T1、T2、T3、T4和T5处理番茄果实的单果质量、单株产量及果实产量呈递增趋势，且存在显著差异（P＜0.05），其中T5处理果实产量最高，较CK增加了61.14%。在测定的果实品质指标中，可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物以及硝酸盐的含量均随着营养液滴灌量的增加呈先降后增的变化趋势，其中T3处理果实的可溶性蛋白及可溶性固形物含量最低，T2处理果实的硝酸盐含量最低，而T5处理果实可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C均最高，其糖/酸值较CK提高了20.22%。对番茄果实品质平均隶属函数值的分析表明，T5处理番茄果实品质的平均隶属函数值最高。【结论】6个营养液滴灌量处理中， T5处理（营养液中N、P2O5、K2O用量分别为915，405，1 605 kg/hm2，水为11 250 L/hm2）效果最佳，不但可促进番茄植株的营养生长，而且有利于提高果实产量及品质。 |
| 关键词: 温室 番茄 营养液滴灌量 产量 果实品质 |
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| 基金项目:国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-25-D-02）；陕西省农业系统专项资金项目 |
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| Effects of nutrient solution amount on plant growth,yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato |
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SUN Li-li,ZOU Zhi-rong,HAN Li-rong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study investigated the effects of nutrition solution amount on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato to select the optimal rate for tomato cultivation in greenhouse.【Method】 Tomato variety “Jinpeng No.1” was selected and through cultivation method was adopted.Using conventional fertigation as control (CK),five treatments with different nutrition solution amounts (T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5) were set with gradually increased amounts.T3 （the fertilization amounts of N,P2O5,and K2O were 610,270,1 069 kg/hm2 and the water amount was 7 500 L/hm2） was used as standard,and nutrition solution amounts of T1,T2,T4,and T5 were 50%,70%,130%,and 150% of T3,respectively.The plant height,stem diameter,soluble sugar,organic acid,vitamin C,soluble protein,soluble solid,nitrate and yield were analyzed.【Result】T5 was the most favorable for tomato growth with 1.15 mm increase in stem and decrease in the height to stem ratio compared with CK.The yield,fruit weight per plant and per fruit weight of T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5 increased gradually with significant differences (P<0.05).T5 had the highest yield,which was 61.14% higher than that of CK.With the increase of nutrient solution amount,the contents of soluble protein,soluble solids and nitrate firstly increased and then decreased.T3 had the lowest contents of soluble protein and soluble solids,T2 had the lowest nitrate content,while T5 had the highest contents of total sugar,soluble protein,vitamin C and the mean membership index of T5 and the sugar/acid ratio was increased by 20.22% compared to that of CK.【Conclusion】T5 (the fertilization amounts of N,P2O5,and K2O were 915,405,1 605 kg/hm2 and the water amount was 11 250 L/hm2) was the optimal treatment with promoted growth of tomato plants and improved fruit quality and yield. |
| Key words: greenhouse tomato nutrition solution mount yield fruit quality |
