| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同绿肥品种及其种植密度对绿肥鲜产量、饲用价值和土壤水分、养分含量的影响，为黄土高原旱地绿肥作物的高效种植及利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用裂区设计，以5种绿肥(长武怀豆、绿豆、大豆、毛叶苕子和油菜)为主处理，4种绿肥种植密度(用播量控制，分别为当地推荐播量的75%，100%，125%和150%)为副处理进行试验，于绿肥盛花期收获、计产，采集部分植物样品测定相关养分含量，然后翻压还田。绿肥翻压前采集土壤样品测定水分含量及速效养分含量。【结果】夏季种植绿豆、长武怀豆、毛叶苕子，推荐播量150%的处理绿肥生物量最高，大豆推荐播量125%处理的生物量也高于100%处理，油菜在推荐播量的75%时生物量最高。绿豆处理的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物产量较高，粗纤维含量较低；油菜和长武怀豆的饲用价值也较高。绿豆、长武怀豆和油菜生物量较高，翻压时还田的养分量也较高。种植油菜和长武怀豆的处理翻压前土壤贮水量较低，种植毛叶苕子的土壤水分含量与休闲处理相当。种植长武怀豆、绿豆、大豆和毛叶苕子等豆科绿肥显著增加了土壤的硝态氮含量，而种植油菜显著降低了土壤硝态氮含量。与休闲处理相比，不同绿肥品种均显著增加了土壤速效磷含量，其中油菜处理增幅最大，而长武怀豆处理增幅最小。种植长武怀豆、大豆、毛叶苕子和油菜显著降低了土壤速效钾含量。绿肥种植密度对土壤水分、硝态氮、有效磷含量均没有显著影响。【结论】可以通过适当提高豆科绿肥播量、适当降低油菜播量来提高夏季绿肥生物量；不论用作饲料还是翻压还田，绿豆是最佳的夏绿肥品种，油菜和长武怀豆也有较好的效果。 |
| 关键词: 绿肥种类 绿肥种植密度 饲用价值 土壤性质 |
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| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103005）；教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（NCET-08-0465）；国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项；国家农作物种质资源平台项目；农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养计划项目 |
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| Effects of green manure variety and growth density on forage value and soil fertility in dry land |
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HU Tie-cheng,LI Hong-yan,CAO Qun-hu,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Through field experiment,this study investigated the effects of green manure variety and plant density on biomass,feeding value,contents of soil water and soil nutrients to improve farming and utilization of green manure crops in dry land of the Loess Plateau.【Method】The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with four replicates.The five main plot treatments were Huai bean,mung bean,soybean,hairy vetch and rapeseed and the four sub-plot treatments were 75%,100%,125%,and 150% of recommended seeding rate as growth density.All the green manure crops were harvested at the full flowering stage.Green manure biomasses of shoot and root were obtained.Nutrients contents of part plants were measured.Then,green manure was returned into soil by rotary tillage,before which soil samples were collected to measure contents of water and available nutrients.【Result】The biomasses of mung bean,Huai bean and hairy vetch were the highest when 150% of seeding rate was applied.The biomass of soybean was higher at seeding rates of 125% and 150% than that of 100%.The biomass of rapeseed was the highest when 75% of seeding rate was applied.Mung bean treatments had higher crude protein,crude fat,and nitrogen free extract and lower crude fiber yield compared with other varieties.Rapeseed and Huai bean treatments also had higher forage values.Mung bean,Huai bean and rapeseed treatments had higher biomasses compared with other varieties and had more nutrients returned to soil as fertilizer.Soil water storage of rapeseed and Huai bean treatments before green manure returning was less than fallow while Hairy vetch treatments had similar value as fallow.Huai bean,mung bean,soybean and Hairy vetch treatments significantly increased soil nitrate concentration while rapeseed decreased it.Compared with fallow,all green manure treatments significantly increased soil available phosphorus content with the maximum in rapeseed and the least in Huai bean.All green manure treatments significantly decreased soil available potassium content.Planting density had no significant effects on contents of soil water,nitrate and available phosphorus.【Conclusion】The biomass of green manure could be increased by applying higher seeding rate for leguminous green manure and lower seeding rate for rapeseed.Mung bean,rapeseed and Huai bean are good varieties for green manure production. |
| Key words: green manure variety green manure planting density forage value soil property |
