| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨秸秆还田和施氮对土壤温度、含水量及土壤呼吸速率的影响，为促进农田高产、节肥的可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】在陕西关中地区，在小麦 玉米轮作模式下分别设置施氮、秸秆还田、秸秆还田+施氮以及秸秆不还田不施氮（CK，为对照组）4个处理，于2012年6－9月，测定玉米不同生育期4个处理的土壤呼吸速率、温度和含水量，于玉米播种前和收获后测定土壤有机质含量，并分析土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、含水量的相关性。【结果】在玉米全生育期，4个处理的土壤呼吸速率均呈现先增后减的单峰型曲线变化，其中秸秆还田+施氮处理的土壤呼吸速率平均值明显高于其他处理，4个处理土壤呼吸速率平均值由大到小依次是秸秆还田+施氮处理>施氮处理>对照组>秸秆还田处理。4个处理中，秸秆还田处理的土壤含水量平均值明显高过其他处理，与对照组相比，秸秆还田处理 0～20 cm土层土壤含水量提高了6.07%。土壤呼吸速率与5～15 cm土层土壤温度相关性较高，与土壤含水量的相关性不显著。与播种前相比，施氮处理和秸秆还田+施氮处理0～20 cm土层有机质含量明显增加；玉米收获后，与对照组相比，其他3个处理土壤有机质含量显著增加。【结论】施氮和秸秆还田提高了土壤呼吸速率，增加了土壤有机质含量,并且秸秆还田具有保水缓温的作用。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆还田 施氮 土壤呼吸 土壤温度 土壤含水量 |
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| 基金项目:“十二五”公益性（农业）行业专项“现代农作制模式构建与配套技术研究与示范”（201103001） |
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| Comprehensive influence of straw-returning and nitrogen fertilization on hydrothermal factors and soil respiration |
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SUN Yuan,REN Guang-xin,FENG Yong-zhong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effect of straw-returning and nitrogen fertilization on hydrothermal factors and soil respiration was investigated to enhance the yield of agricultural activities and fertilization utilization.【Method】Four treatments including straw-returning and fertilization,straw returning,nitrogen application,and no straw-returning or nitrogen application (CK) were conducted in Guanzhong plain region,Shaanxi Province.During June to September in 2012,soil respiration rates,soil temperatures,and soil moisture contents were measured at different growing stages of corn while soil organic matter contents were determined before sowing and after harvesting.Then the correlations between soil respiration rate with soil temperature and soil moisture content were analyzed.【Result】The changing trends of soil respiration rates of all four treatments were in the form a single peak curve,which increased first followed by a decreasing trend.Mean soil respiration of straw-returning and fertilization treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments and the soil respiration rates were in a decreasing order of straw-returning and fertilization treatment>nitrogen application treatment>CK>straw returning treatment.Soil moisture at depth of 0-20 cm for straw returning treatment increased by 6.07% compared to CK.Soil respiration rate was highly related to soil temperature at depth of 5-15 cm,while it had insignificant relation with soil moisture.Compared with CK,soil organic matter content at depth of 0-20 cm increased significantly in other three treatments after harvesting.【Conclusion】Straw-returning and nitrogen application increased soil respiration rate and soil organic matter,which was beneficial to plant growth and carbon fixation. |
| Key words: straw-returning nitrogen fertilization soil respiration soil temperature soil moisture content |
