| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究农业面源污染对秦岭北麓河流水质的影响及其面源污染负荷，为更科学有效地治理水环境及促进农业的可持续发展提供参考。【方法】以陕西周至余家河竹峪乡段流域为监测对象，从上游到下游共布设了8个水质监测点，分析2012-10-2013-10水质基本性质（流量、水温、pH、总悬浮物、溶解氧、电导率）和面源污染指标（总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和化学需氧量（COD））的变化，并在此基础上，采用排污系数法和等标污染负荷法计算各污染物的等标污染负荷，从而确定出该区域主要农业面源污染来源。【结果】2012-10-2013-10，余家河流域水体TN质量浓度逐渐降低；TP质量浓度春季较高，其次是秋季和冬季；水体COD质量浓度呈波动性变化，在2013年由春季进入夏季后，总体呈下降趋势。各水质监测指标中，除TN质量浓度严重超标（最高超标9.6倍）外，其他指标均符合地表水Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水质标准。余家河流域农业生产过程中排放到河流中的TN、TP及COD等标污染负荷总量分别为2.167 0×10-6，0.617 0×10-6，0.670 0×10-6 m3/年，污染物贡献率依次是TN>COD>TP，主要污染源贡献率依次为生活污水>种植业>畜禽养殖。【结论】陕西周至余家河流域的农业面源污染属于农业生产和生活的复合污染。 |
| 关键词: 余家河 农业面源污染 水质监测 水质评价 污染负荷 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“秦岭山地农业面源污染防控关键技术研究与示范”(2012BAD15BO4-4-3) |
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| Characteristics of surface water quality and agricultural area source pollution load of a small watershed in northern Qinling Mountains |
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WANG Li,HUANG Yi-mei,DING Yao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study explored the effects of agricultural area sources on surface water quality and the pollution levels of a small watershed in northern Qinling Mountains.【Method】Eight river segments were selected as monitoring sites along Yujia River in Zhouzhi,Shaanxi Province.Basic water physicochemical indexes including flow,temperature,pH,suspended solids,dissolved oxygen,and electrical conductivity and area source pollution indexes including total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP),chemical oxygen demand (COD),were determined from October 2012 to October 2013.Pollutant emission coefficients were used to estimate area source pollution load in the area,and the equivalent standard pollution load method was applied to evaluate the agricultural area source pollution status.【Result】TN concentration gradually reduced from October 2012 to October 2013.TP content was highest in spring,followed by autumn and winter.COD content showed fluctuations,and gradually reduced from spring to summer in 2013.Except TN concentration which seriously exceed the Ⅳ grade of surface water quality standard (up to 9.6 times),other water quality indexes were in the Ⅲ－Ⅳ grades of standards.Total exports of TN,TP and COD were 2.167 0×10-6 m3/a,0.617 0×10-6 m3/a,and 0.670 0×10-6 m3/a in Yujia River watershed from October 2012 to October 2013,respectively.The pollution loads were in a decreasing order of TN>COD>TP.The contributions of main area sources were in a decreasing order of sewage>planting>livestock farming.【Conclusion】The pollution in this area was compound pollution of agricultural production and residential activities. |
| Key words: Yujia River agricultural non-point source pollution water quality monitoring water quality assessment pollution load |
