| 摘要: |
| 【目的】筛选防治苹果果实主要病害的苹果霉心病和心腐病的有效药剂。【方法】选择3%多抗霉素、1.5%噻霉酮、4%农抗120和25%氰烯菊酯4种药剂，采用菌丝生长速率法，对引起苹果果实霉心病和心腐病的主要病原菌进行室内抑菌活性测定。【结果】120 μg/mL 3%多抗霉素对链格孢、树状链格孢、细极链格孢、枝状枝孢和粉红聚端孢的抑制效果较好，抑制率均达到90%以上，而对复合侵染致病的细极枝孢、层出镰刀菌和团聚茎点霉的抑制效果不佳。300 μg/mL 1.5%噻霉酮对链格孢、树状链格孢、枝状枝孢和粉红聚端孢的抑制效果较明显，抑制率均可达90%以上，而对细极链格孢、细极枝孢、层出镰刀菌和团聚茎点霉的抑制效果不佳。400 μg/mL 4%农抗120仅对粉红聚端孢表现出较高的抑制活性，抑制率为94.2%。多抗霉素在推荐使用质量浓度30 μg/mL时对链格孢、树状链格孢、细极链格孢、枝状枝孢和粉红聚端孢的抑制率可达80%以上，对层出镰刀菌几乎无抑制效果。在推荐使用质量浓度37.5 μg/mL时，噻霉酮对枝状枝孢和粉红聚端孢菌丝生长的抑制率在70%以上。在田间推荐使用质量浓度200 μg/mL时，农抗120仅对粉红聚端孢表现较好的抑制效果，抑制率为88.2%。氰烯菊酯对木贼镰刀菌、层出镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌和三线镰刀菌均有良好的抑制效果，对前3种病原菌的EC50均小于0.1 μg/mL，对三线镰刀菌的EC50为0.227 7 μg/mL。【结论】多抗霉素、农抗120、噻霉酮及氰烯菊酯对苹果霉心病与心腐病的主要病原菌分别有不同的抑制效果，可通过混合或间隔施用对该类病害进行有效防治。 |
| 关键词: 苹果霉心病 苹果心腐病 病原多样性 室内抑菌活性 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31170015)；高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07049) |
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| Effects of thinning intensity on fruiting quantity and quality of Quercus variabilis forest on the south slope of Qinling Mountains |
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DANG Ji-ling,MA Zhi-chao,ZHANG Rong,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to screen fungicides with optimum antibacterial effects on moldy core and core rot disease in apple.【Method】Four fungicides,3% polyoxin,1.5% benziothiazolinone,4% TF 120,and 25% JS 399-19 SC,were used to treat main pathogens of apple moldy core and core rot disease in vitro based on mycelial growth method.【Result】The results showed that 3% polyoxin at 120 μg/mL had effective effects against tested pathogens including Alternaria alternate,A.arborescens,A.tenuissima,Cladosporium cladosprioides and Trichothecium roseum with antibacterial rate of >90%.1.5% benziothiazolinone at 300 μg/mL had >90% antibacterial rate against Alternaria alternate,A.arborescens,T.roseum and C.cladosprioides.4% TF 120 at 400 μg/mL only had strong action against T.roseum,with inhibition rate of 94.2%.The inhibition rate of polyoxin against fungus reached >80% with the concentration of 30 μg/mL,but it failed to inhibit Fusarium proliferatum effectively.Under the concentration of 37.5 μg/mL,benziothiazolinone had good action against tested fungus (C.cladosproioides and T.roseum) with inhibition rate of >70%.When tested with the concentration of 200 μg/mL,TF 120 showed good inhibitory effect (88.2%) against T.roseum.25% JS 399-19 SC showed good inhibitory effect against Fusarium equiseti,F.proliferatum,F.graminearum and F.tricinctum,and the EC50 against the former three was <0.1 μg/mL while against the last one was 0.227 7 μg/mL.【Conclusion】Polyoxin,TF 120,benziothiazolinone and JS 399-19 had different effects against moldy-core and core rot disease in apple.Thus,they can be mixed or separately applied to control these diseases. |
| Key words: Quercus variabilis the south slope of Qinling Mountains close-to-natural forest management thinning intensity fruiting seed quality |
