| 摘要: |
| 【目的】阐明陕西豌豆种质（含省内及来自省外的资源）的形态特点，揭示其遗传结构、遗传多样性的差异，为陕西豌豆资源的利用和育种提供理论依据。【方法】根据生育期、花色、粒色和粒形的不同选取100份种质，分析陕西豌豆及省外豌豆资源生育期、株高、单株荚数、单荚粒数、百粒质量、单株产量、花色、粒形、粒色9个形态性状的分布特点，计算各性状在不同群体中的遗传多样性、遗传距离，并对选取的100份材料进行聚类分析，在主成分分析的基础上绘制品种分布的三维散点图。【结果】陕西豌豆以紫花、麻粒和白粒、圆粒为主，从陕北到陕南皱粒比例增加，粒色类型更加丰富。省外豌豆以白花、白粒、圆粒为主，但皱粒豌豆的比例明显高于陕西豌豆。与陕西豌豆相比，省外资源生育期短，株高低，单株荚数、百粒质量、单株产量高。陕西以及陕南豌豆的平均遗传多样性高于省外群体，省内不同地区间的平均遗传多样性指数以陕南为高, 其次是陕北、关中。省外群体的平均遗传距离大于省内群体。省内群体的平均遗传距离以陕南为最大，然后依次是关中、陕北；省内不同群体间的平均遗传距离，以陕南 关中为最大，然后依次是陕南 陕北、关中 陕北。聚类分析将供试100份种质分成2类，第Ⅰ类主要由陕南、省外品种组成，第Ⅱ类主要由关中、陕北组成。聚类和三维散点图结果显示，陕南品种分布最为广泛，其次分别是省外、关中、陕北的品种，不同地区的品种没有形成相对独立的区域，而是相互穿插，界限模糊。【结论】省外资源的农艺性状优于省内资源，是陕西豌豆资源的重要补充。陕西豌豆的遗传多样性以及遗传距离与品种的地理来源相关不明显。 |
| 关键词: 豌豆种质资源 陕西 形态标记 遗传多样性 |
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| 基金项目:农业部国家中期库食用豆种质资源繁殖更新与利用（NB04-22-12）；西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种基金项目；陕西省农业科技推广项目；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（ZD2013001） |
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| Genetic diversity of morphological characters of pea (Pisum sativum L.) accessions in Shaanxi Province |
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LIU Meng-juan,LI Ming-lei,GUO Xiao-hua,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to assess the morphological characters of pea accessions and illuminate their genetic structure and genetic diversity in Shaanxi and from outside Shaanxi.It offers theoretical basis for pea breeding and utilization in Shaanxi.【Method】Based on growth period,color,grain color and grain shape,100 accessions were selected to analyze the distribution of 9 traits including growth period,plant height,pods per plant,seeds per pod,100-seed weight,yield per plant,color,grain color and grain shape,and calculate their genetic diversity in different populations,and the genetic distance within and between different regions.Cluster analysis was conducted,and 3D scattering diagrams were plotted based on principal component analysis (PCA). 【Result】Most pea varieties in Shaanxi had purple flower,pockmarked brown or white seed and smooth seed surface.From north to south,both the proportion of wrinkled seed surface and the seed color type increased.Pea varieties from outside Shaanxi were dominated by white flower,white seed and smooth seed surface.The proportion of wrinkled seed surface of pea varieties from outside Shaanxi was higher than pea varieties in Shaanxi.Varieties from outside Shaanxi had shorter growth period,lower plant height and higher pods per plant,100-seed weight and yield per plant.The average genetic diversity of the whole Shaanxi and south Shaanxi landraces was higher than that of outside Shaanxi,and south Shaanxi had the highest genetic diversity in Shaanxi,followed by north and Guanzhong.The average genetic distance of outside Shaanxi was higher than that of Shaanxi landraces.South Shaanxi varieties had the highest genetic distance,followed by Guanzhong and north Shaanxi.Based on cluster analysis,all the accessions were classified into two clusters.Cluster Ⅰ included accessions from south Shaanxi and outside Shaanxi,and cluster Ⅱ contained landraces from Guanzhong and north Shaanxi.Cluster analysis and PCA showed that accessions in south Shaanxi were the most widespread,followed by accessions from outside Shaanxi,Guanzhong,and north Shaanxi. 【Conclusion】Accessions from outside Shaanxi had better agronomic traits than landraces in Shaanxi,thus they were important supplements to Shaanxi pea landraces.The relationship between genetic diversity,genetic distance and the origin of accessions was not significantly related. |
| Key words: pea (Pisum sativum L.) accession Shaanxi Province morphology trait genetic diversity |
