| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究温室栽培条件下甜樱桃品种‘早大果’光合作用与生理生态因子的关系，为其栽培管理措施的制定提供依据。【方法】 采用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪，测定5年生‘早大果’叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）及光合有效辐射（PAR）、叶温（Tl）、空气相对湿度（RH）、水分利用效率（WUE）和空气CO2浓度（Ca）等生理生态因子的日变化，同时对‘早大果’的叶片光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线和温度响应曲线进行测定，分析Pn与其生理生态因子的相关性。【结果】 在温室栽培条件下，‘早大果’果实成熟期叶片Pn日变化呈微弱的“双峰”曲线，存在光合“午休”现象，气孔限制因素是导致光合“午休”发生的主要原因。Pn与Gs呈极显著正相关（r=0.771，P<0.01），Gs是影响Pn的主要生理因子，PAR、RH和Ca是影响Pn的主要生态因子。Pn与生理因子Gs、Tr、WUE呈二次曲线关系，与Ci呈极显著负线性关系（P<0.01）；Pn与生态因子PAR、Ca呈双曲线关系，与Tl呈三次曲线关系。温室内‘早大果’光合作用的最适温度为25 ℃，光补偿点（LCP）与光饱和点（LSP）分别为7.0和960.6 μmol/(m2·s)，CO2补偿点（CCP）及CO2饱和点（CSP）分别为52.7和1 225.2 μmol/mol。【结论】 在温室甜樱桃果实成熟期，应适当补充光照强度，保持适宜的空气湿度，保证水分供应充足；午间加强降温、通风换气以减轻光合“午休”发生的程度，提高甜樱桃的光合能力。 |
| 关键词: 温室 甜樱桃 净光合速率 生理因子 生态因子 |
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| 基金项目:甘肃省科技厅农业科技成果转化资金计划项目（1105NCNE109）；天水师范学院科研资助项目 (TSA1111) |
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| Relationship between photosynthesis and physio-ecological factors of sweet cherry ‘Крупноплодная’ in greenhouse |
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WANG Shun-cai,HU Li-ping,WANG Chen-bing
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study was carried out to explore the photosynthetic characteristics and relationships between net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and physio-ecological factors of sweet cherry cultivar ‘Крупноплодная’ in greenhouse,so as to provide basis for the establishment of cultivation and management measures.【Method】The diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate （Pn）,transpiration rate （Tr）,stomata conductance （Gs）,and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） of five-year-old sweet cherry tree leaves,and photosynthetic active radiation （PAR）,leaf temperature （Tl）,relative air humidity （RH）,water use efficiency （WUE）,and atmosphere CO2 concentration （Ca） were detected by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system.Light response,CO2 response,and temperature response curves of ‘Крупноплодная’ leaves in greenhouse were also measured to study photosynthetic characteristics of Prunus avium L.The correlation between Pn and physio-ecological factor was analyzed as well.【Result】In greenhouse cultivation condition,the diurnal changes of Pn presented a “Double peak” curve with a “midday depression” caused by stomatal factor principally.There was a highly significant positive correlation between Pn and Gs (r=0.771,P<0.01).Multiple regression analysis indicated that Gs,PAR,RH and Ca were the main physiological and ecological factors affecting the changes of Pn.There existed a conic-curve relationship between Gs,Tr,WUE and Pn,and a highly significant negative linear relationship between Ci and Pn (P<0.01).A hyperbola relationship was found between Pn and PAR as well as Ca,and a cubic-curve relationship was found between Pn and Tl.The optimum temperature for photosynthesis of sweet cherry leaves in greenhouse was 25 ℃.The light compensation point （LCP） was 7.0 μmol/(m2·s),and light saturating point （LSP） was 960.6 μmol/(m2·s).The CO2 compensation point （CCP） was 52.7 μmol/mol and the CO2 saturating point （CSP） was 1 225.2 μmol/mol.【Conclusion】To ensure normal photosynthesis at noon and improve the photosynthetic rate of sweet cherry,appropriate light,umidity,and water supply should be ensured in the sweet cherry fruit maturity period in greenhouse,and appropriate cooling and ventilation should be taken at noon to reduce the occurrence of photosynthetic ‘midday depression’ of leaves. |
| Key words: greenhouse sweet cherry net photosynthetic rate physiological factors ecological factors |
