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秦岭北坡栓皮栎干基萌苗生长特性研究
薛瑶芹1, 张文辉1, 马 闯,等1
西北农林科技大学 西部环境与生态教育部重点实验室
摘要:
【目的】阐明栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)产生干基萌苗的能力以及萌苗的产生和生长特性,以制定合理的人工促萌措施。【方法】2009-2010年,对陕西省周至县楼观台地区天然栓皮栎次生林中4个径级共40株栓皮栎个体进行环剥并跟踪观测2年,比较了不同径级栓皮栎产生干基萌苗的母树比例及萌苗的数量、枯死率、年龄结构和生长特征。【结果】1)栓皮栎母树均能在环剥后1个月产生愈伤组织以保护伤口,观测过程中没有母树死亡;2)78%的环剥母树能够产生干基萌苗,70%的母树能在环剥后2年内保存有活萌苗;3)胸径10~20 cm (2和3径级)栓皮栎母树的萌发率最高,80.0%的母树在环剥后能产生干基萌苗,并在2个生长季均能保存活萌苗,萌苗枯死率为0.0%~24.7%,萌苗高度、冠幅和基径均大于1径级和4径级母树的萌苗;4)单株干基萌苗数量随着母树径级的增加而先增大后减小,4径级母树胸径最大,产生干基萌苗的时间最晚,萌苗数量最少;5)各径级母树在环剥后第2年仍然能产生当年生萌苗,但只有2径级母树的2年生萌苗所占比例远多于1年生萌苗,3径级母树则相反,4径级母树只有1年生萌苗。【结论】在栓皮栎次生林改造和经营中,可提前1~2年对胸径在10~20 cm的间伐对象进行环剥,待其产生干基萌苗后再进行砍伐,这样有利于缩短间伐林地土壤的裸露时间,促进林地快速恢复。
关键词:  栓皮栎  干基萌苗  环剥  母树萌发率
DOI:
分类号:
基金项目:国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项 (201004011)
Growth characteristics of stem base sprout of Quercus variabilis in northern slope of Qinling Mountains
XUE Yao-qin,ZHANG Wen-hui,MA Chuang,et al
Abstract:
【Objective】This study aimed to understand the sprouting ability,initiation and growth features of stem base sprouts of Quercus variabilis,for designing reasonable artificial measurements to promote sprouting.【Methods】40 Q.variabilis plants belonging to 4 DBH classes in secondary natural Q.variabilis forest in northern slope of Qinling Mountains (Louguantai,Zhouzhi County,Shaanxi),were girdled and observed for 2 years during 2009-2010.Number and growth features of stem base sprouts were compared.【Results】1) All Q.variabilis mother trees could produce callus to protect wound within one month after girdling,and there was no dead mother tree during the study period.2) 78% of mother trees formed stem base sprouts easily after girdling,and 70% of mother trees kept live sprouts for two years.3) Morther trees with DBH of 10-20 cm (2nd and 3rd DBH class) had highest sprouting rate,80% of these trees could formed stem base sprouts and kept live sprouts for 2 years.The sprout mortalities of these mother trees were 0.0%-24.7%.The height,diameter,and crown width of sprouts of these mother trees were all greater than those of the 1st and 4th DBH classes.4)Sprout number increased first before declining as the increase of DBH class.The mother trees in the 4th DBH class with the largest DBH sprouted last and had the least sprouts.5) In the second growing season after girdling,mother trees in all DBH classes could generate current-year-sprouts,but only mother trees in the 2nd DBH class had more two-year-old sprouts than one-year-old sprouts,while mother trees in the 3rd DBH class showed opposite trend.All sprouts formed by mother trees in the 4th DBH class were one year old.【Conclusion】Before carrying out the intermediate cuttings in secondary Q.variabilis forest,girdling can be made to the target trees with the DBH of 10-20 cm 1 to 2 years in advance.Cutting them after sprouting could reduce the exposed time of soil and improve the recovery of forest.
Key words:  Quercus variabilis  stem base sprout  girdling experiment  sprouting ratio of mother trees