| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确天名精内酯酮对11种植物病原真菌的杀菌活性,为天名精内酯酮的开发利用提供基础资料。【方法】以小麦纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌、南瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、苹果干腐病菌、小麦条锈病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌11种病菌为供试病原菌，采用生长速率法、孢子萌发法、盆栽药效试验和组织法，从离体和活体2个方面评价天名精内酯酮的杀菌活性。【结果】天名精内酯酮对小麦纹枯病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、苹果干腐病菌、南瓜枯萎病菌、番茄灰霉病菌和番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用，EC50在4.894 7～43.856 9 mg/L，其中对小麦全蚀病菌的毒力最高，EC50为4.894 7 mg/L；对小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用差异较大，其中对黄瓜炭疽病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用最高，EC50为6.876 5 mg/L；盆栽药效试验表明，天名精内酯酮对小麦全蚀病、小麦条锈病、黄瓜炭疽病和辣椒疫霉病均具有较好的保护效果和一定的治疗效果，其中对小麦全蚀病的药效相对较好，1 000 mg/L剂量下保护效果和治疗效果分别为85.48%和 64.98%；活体组织法结果表明，天名精内酯酮对番茄灰霉病控制效果较低，1 000 mg/L剂量下的保护和治疗效果分别为45.5%和19.9%。【结论】天名精内酯酮对病原真菌均具有较好的抑制作用，表现出一定的广谱性，尤其对小麦全蚀病的药效最佳，具有进一步研究和开发为植物源杀菌剂的潜质。 |
| 关键词: 天名精内酯酮 小麦全蚀病菌 抑菌作用 植物源杀菌剂 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31272074）；陕西省自然科学研究计划项目（2012JQ3004）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项(ZD2012004) |
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| Fungicidal activity of carabrone |
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HAN Xing-shuai,XU Dan,FENG Jun-tao,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This research aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of carabrone against 11 plant pathogens and provide information for the development and utilization of carabrone.【Method】The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of carabrone against 11 kinds of pathogens (Rhizoctonia cerealis,Botrytis cinerea,Fulvia fulva(Cooke)Ciferri,Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) f.sp.cucumerirtum Owen,Colletrichum lagenarium(Pass.)Ell.et Halst,Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici,,Glomerella cingulate,Botryosphaeria berengeriana(Moug.ex fr).Ces.etdeNot,Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,and Phytophthora capsici Leonian) were examined by methods of hypha growth rate,spore germination in vitro,pot culture experiment and tissue selection method.【Result】Carabrone had noticeable inhibition on mycelial growth of 10 pathogens with EC50 of 4.894 7-43.856 9 mg/L,and the inhibition against Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici was the highest with EC50 of 4.894 7 mg/L.The inhibitory effects of carabrone on spore germination of tested pathogens were quite different and the inhibition effect against Colletrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ell.et Halst was the highest with EC50 of 6.876 5 mg/L.The potted test showed that carabrone had excellent control effect on wheat take all with the protective effect and the curative effect of 85.48% and 64.98% at the concentration of 1 000 mg/L,respectively.Tissue selection test showed that carabrone had low control effect on Botrytis cintrea with the protective effect and the curative effect of 45.5% and 19.9% at the concentration of 1 000 mg/L,respectively.【Conclusion】Carabrone exhibited good fungicidal activities against pathogens with the best inhibitory effect against Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici.Therefore,carabrone had the potential to be developed as a botanical fungicide. |
| Key words: carabrone Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici antifungal effect botanical fungicides |
