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长期不同施肥条件下红壤水稻产量可持续性特征
吴焕焕1, 徐明岗2, 吕家珑1
1.西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院;2.中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所
摘要:
【目的】研究长期不同施肥处理对红壤性水稻土持续生产及可持续性的影响,为水稻的持续性生产提供参考。【方法】在江西进贤红壤性水稻土长期定位施肥试验点,选取不施肥 (CK)、施用氮钾肥(NK)、施用氮磷肥(NP)、施用氮磷钾肥(NPK)和氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(NPKM)5个长期施肥处理,分析不同施肥处理下早稻和晚稻产量的变化,并计算水稻产量可持续性指数(Sustainable yield index,SYI),探究长期不同施肥处理对水稻产量演变的影响。【结果】1981-2005年,与CK相比,NK、NP、NPK、NPKM处理均可明显提高早、晚稻的产量,其中NPKM处理的产量均明显高于其他处理。1981-2005年,除NK处理的早稻产量呈极显著下降(70.8 kg/(hm2 ·年))外,其他施肥处理早、晚稻的产量变化均不显著。不同施肥处理下,早、晚稻的SYI值不同,其中NPK、NPKM处理早、晚稻的SYI值均较高,而其他处理的早、晚稻SYI值较低。水稻SYI值与各处理的平均产量呈极显著正相关,而与产量变异系数呈不显著负相关。【结论】可以通过提高水稻产量及其稳定性来提高水稻生产的可持续性,利用SYI评价水稻高产稳产可持续性还需对其进行改进。
关键词:  长期施肥  水稻  产量变化趋势  产量可持续性指数  江西  红壤性水稻土
DOI:
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基金项目:国家支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05,2012BAD14B04,2011BAD16B15)
Yield sustainability of paddy soil rice with long-term fertilization
WU Huan-huan,XU Ming-gang,LÜ Jia-long
Abstract:
【Objective】The objective of this study was to provide a basis for continuous production of rice by investigating the paddy soil productivity and yield sustainability with different fertilizer treatments.【Method】5 long-term fertilization treatments,control(CK),chemical NK(NK),chemical NP(NP),chemical NPK(NPK),and manure plus chemical NPK(NPKM) in Jinxian,Jiangxi were selected.Effects of the long-term fertilization on yields of rice were analyzed and the sustainable yield index (SYI) was calculated.【Result】The yields of early-rice and late-rice of NK,NP,NPK and NPKM were improved significantly from 1981 to 2005 compared with CK.The yield of early-rice of NK treatment (70.8 kg/(hm2·a)) was extremely significantly lower than that of the CK,NP,NPK and NPKM treatments from 1981 to 2005.The SYI values of early-rice were different from those of late-rice.The SYIs of both early-rice and late-rice under NPK and NPKM treatments were higher than those under other treatments.Late-rice under NPKM treatment had the highest SYI.SYI values were positively correlated with the yield of rice,but were negatively corrected with coefficient variation of rice.【Conclusion】Rational employ of chemical fertilizer and manure was an effective way to improve and sustain grain yields.
Key words:  long-term fertilization  rice  rice yield change  sustainable yield index(SYI)  Jiangxi  red paddy soil