| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同品种冬小麦秸秆、秸秆覆盖量和覆盖方式对夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响。【方法】于2012年在陕西关中一年两熟典型地区，采用随机区组设计，选用小偃22和小偃216 2个冬小麦品种秸秆，设秸秆混入耕层、秸秆带状覆盖、秸秆全面覆盖3种秸秆还田方式，以及 4 500，7 500和10 500 kg/hm2 3个秸秆还田量，以秸秆不还田为对照，于夏玉米幼苗期和发育中期测定株高、茎粗、次生根数、叶片颜色、单株干质量，并于成熟期测定株高、穗位高及产量构成因素，研究各处理对夏玉米生长发育及产量的影响。【结果】2012年夏玉米播种后由于较长时期干旱少雨，冬小麦秸秆覆盖的保墒作用大于其化感作用，各秸秆还田处理夏玉米生长发育及产量总体优于对照。在2个小麦品种秸秆中，以小偃216秸秆对夏玉米诸性状的表现较好；在3种秸秆还田量中，以7 500 kg/hm2秸秆还田量较为适宜；3种秸秆还田方式中，则以秸秆带状覆盖方式对夏玉米生长发育影响较小；在此组合下，夏玉米幼苗和植株生长健壮，成熟期产量最高。【结论】对夏玉米进行秸秆覆盖时，以冬小麦秸秆覆盖量为7 500 kg/hm2的带状覆盖方式最好。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦 秸秆还田 夏玉米 生长发育 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省农机局重点项目“杨凌农业机械化新技术新机具试验示范区建设” |
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| Effect of returning winter wheat stalk to field on growth and yield of summer maize |
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YAN Xiao-li,XUE Shao-ping,ZHU Rui-xiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Effect of variety,amount,and covering method of winter wheat stalk returned to field on the growth and yield of summer maize was studied.【Method】 In 2012 at typical two crops one year area of Guanzhong,Shaanxi,the randomized block design method was adopted to design experiments of two wheat varieties (Xiaoyan 22 and Xiaoyan 216),three returning methods (mixing with topsoil,covering with strip shape and covering the whole field),and three returning amounts (4 500,7 500 and 10 500 kg/hm2).Related physiological indexes at the seedling growth stage,the middle stage and the ripening stage were measured and compared with the control group without returning.【Result】 Because of the long period of drought after summer maize planting in 2012,the soil moisture conservation effect of winter wheat straw mulching was greater than its allelopathy effect.Returning stalk to field resulted in better indexes compared to the control.Xiaoyan 216 had better influence on the properties of summer maize.The most appropriate returning quantity was 7 500 kg/hm2 and covering with strip shape had the least damage to the growth of summer maize.The strongest maize plants and highest yield were obtained when the best combination was adopted.【Conclusion】 The suggested stalk returning method was returning 7 500 kg/hm2 with strip shape. |
| Key words: winter wheat returning stalk to field summer maize physiological production index |
