| 摘要: |
| 【目的】建立陕西咸阳灌区冬小麦推荐施肥指标体系，为指导该区科学施肥提供参考。【方法】于2006-2009 年，在陕西省咸阳市的秦都区、渭城区、武功县、兴平市、乾县、泾阳县和三原县共布置了112个冬小麦“3414”田间试验，即设置氮、磷、钾3个因素，每个因素4个水平，共14个处理。根据“3414”田间试验结果和冬小麦相对产量，划分了土壤养分含量的丰缺指标，然后对不同养分丰缺指标下的最佳推荐施肥量进行了计算。【结果】咸阳灌区冬小麦 N、P2O5、K2O 的平均农学效率分别为 5.7，5.6和5.5 kg/kg，增产率分别为25.1%，14.7%和7.9%，增产作用依次为氮肥＞磷肥＞钾肥，随着冬小麦相对产量水平的降低，肥料的增产率和肥料贡献率呈下降趋势，土壤贡献率呈上升趋势。建立的咸阳灌区冬小麦的土壤养分丰缺指标为，碱解氮：低(＞17～≤47 mg/kg)、中(＞47～≤86 mg/kg)、高(＞86～≤105 mg/kg)、极高(＞105 mg/kg)；速效磷：低(＞1～≤8 mg/kg)、中(＞8～≤28 mg/kg)、高(＞28～≤41 mg/kg)、极高(＞41 mg/kg)；速效钾：低(＞4～≤45 mg/kg)、中(＞45～≤117 mg/kg)、高(＞117～≤180 mg/kg)、极高(＞180 mg/kg)。构建了咸阳冬小麦氮、磷、钾肥推荐施肥量与土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量测定值之间的数学模型，当土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量的测定值为17～105，1～41和4～180 mg/kg，氮、磷、钾推荐施肥量分别为 407～69，220～67和216～66 kg/hm2。【结论】成功构建了咸阳灌区冬小麦推荐施肥指标体系，为该地区冬小麦合理、科学施肥有一定参考价值。 |
| 关键词: 咸阳灌区 冬小麦 推荐施肥 指标体系 |
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| 基金项目:农业部测土配方施肥项目(农发〔2005〕8号，农财［2005］101 号)；国家小麦现代产业技术体系建设专项 |
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| Index system of fertilizer recommendation for winter wheat in Xianyang irrigation area |
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LIU Jiang,ZHAI Bing-nian,YIN Zhen-jiang,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study established an index system of optimal fertilizer recommendation for winter wheat in Xianyang irrigation area.【Method】During 2006-2009,112 winter wheat “3414” field tests were conducted in Qindu,Weicheng,Wugong,Xingping,Qianxian,Jingyang and Sanyuan of Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province.The test included 3 factors (N,P,and K),4 levels for each factor,and a total of 14 treatments.Based on the field test and relative yield of winter wheat,the indexes defining the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients were obtained,and the optimal fertilizer amount for each classification was calculated.【Result】The average agronomic efficiencies of N,P2O5,and K2O for winter wheat in Xianyang irrigation area were 5.7,5.6,and 5.5 kg/kg,and the yields were increased by 25.1%,14.7%,and 7.9%,respectively.The effects on yield increase were in a decreasing order of nitrogen>phosphate>potash fertilizer.With the decrease of relative yield,the yield and contribution of fertilizer decreased while the contribution of soil increased.The obtained abundance and deficiency indexes were:nitrogen,low (＞17 to ≤47 mg/kg),medium (＞47 to ≤86 mg/kg),high (＞86 to ≤105 mg/kg),and very high (＞105 mg/kg);available phosphorus,low (＞1 to ≤8 mg/kg),medium (＞8 to ≤28 mg/kg),high (＞28 to ≤41 mg/kg),and very high (＞41 mg/kg);and potassium,low (＞4 to ≤45 mg/kg),medium (＞45 to ≤117 mg/kg),high (＞117 to ≤180 mg/kg),and very high (＞180 mg/kg).Mathematical models measuring the relationship between fertilization amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,and contents of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were obtained.When the contents of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were 17-105 mg/kg,1-41 mg/kg and 4-108 mg/kg,the recommended fertilization amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium were 407-69 kg/hm2,220-67 kg/hm2 and 216-66 kg/hm2,respectively.【Conclusion】Index system of fertilizer recommendation for winter wheat in Xianyang irrigation area was successful established,which could provide reference for the scientific and reasonable fertilization for winter wheat in the area. |
| Key words: Xianyang irrigation area winter wheat index of abundance and deficiency of nutrients fertilizer recommendation |
