| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究盆栽条件下不同氮素利用效率基因型油菜氮素营养性状的差异，为揭示植物高效利用氮素的机理和氮高效基因型油菜品种的选育提供依据。【方法】在低氮（施N 0.1 g/kg）和高氮（施N 0.3 g/kg）条件下，采用土培盆栽试验对50份不同基因型甘蓝型油菜的氮利用效率进行分析，从中筛选氮高效基因型和氮低效基因型油菜，研究不同氮利用效率基因型油菜各器官及其不同生长阶段的氮含量、氮素累积量及各器官氮累积量占植株总氮素累积量的比例的差异。【结果】1）油菜氮利用效率与籽粒、果荚皮壳、茎叶氮含量均呈显著或极显著负相关，无论氮素供应水平高低，氮高效基因型各器官氮含量均低于氮低效基因型。2）高氮条件下，油菜氮利用效率与果荚皮壳、茎叶、根系氮素累积量和植株总氮累积量均呈显著或极显著负相关；成熟期氮高效基因型油菜果荚皮壳、茎叶、根系氮素累积量和总氮素累积量均显著低于氮低效基因型。低氮条件下，油菜氮利用效率与成熟期果荚皮壳、茎叶氮素累积量均呈显著或极显著负相关，而与成熟期籽粒氮素累积量和植株总氮累积量呈显著正相关；氮高效基因型油菜的籽粒氮素累积量显著高于氮低效基因型，果荚皮壳和茎叶氮素累积量均低于氮低效基因型，总氮素累积量高于氮低效基因型。3）高氮条件下，油菜氮利用效率与茎叶和根系氮素累积量占总氮素累积量的比例均呈显著或极显著负相关，而与籽粒氮素累积量占植株总氮素累积量的比例呈极显著正相关；氮高效基因型油菜籽粒氮素累积量占总氮素累积量的比例明显高于氮低效基因型，而茎叶和根系氮素累积量占植株总氮素累积量的比例均明显低于氮低效基因型。在低氮条件下，油菜氮利用效率与果荚皮壳、茎叶和根系氮素累积量占植株总氮素累积量的比例均呈显著或极显著负相关，而与籽粒氮素累积量占植株总氮素累积量的比例呈正相关；氮高效基因型籽粒氮素累积量占总氮素累积量的比例明显高于氮低效基因型，而果荚皮壳和茎叶氮素累积量占总氮素累积量的比例则明显低于氮低效基因型。4）相对于氮低效基因型，氮高效基因型油菜氮含量对氮素反应更敏感；氮低效基因型油菜氮素累积量对氮素供应水平的敏感性较氮高效基因型油菜高。无论是氮高效基因型还是氮低效基因型，茎叶和果荚皮壳氮含量及氮素累积量对氮素的反应均较籽粒和根系敏感。【结论】不同氮素利用效率油菜的氮含量、氮素累积量和氮素分配比例以及对供氮水平的敏感性存在明显差异。 |
| 关键词: 油菜 氮素利用效率 基因型 氮含量 氮素累积量 |
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| 基金项目:教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目（NCET-08-0465）；农业部农业科技创新团队支持计划项目；西北农林科技大学青年学术骨干支持计划项目 |
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| Differences in nitrogen traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiencies using pot experiment |
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ZHANG Yu-ying,AN Rong,CAO Lan-qin,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Differences in nitrogen traits of rapeseed genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiencies (NUE) were studied to reveal the mechanism how plants use N efficiently and screen high NUE genotypes.【Method】A pot experiment analyzed NUE of 50 rapeseed cultivars with different genotypes at two N levels (0.1 g/kg and 0.3 g/kg) to screen high NUE genotypes and low NUE genotypes.The differences in N content,total N accumulation and N accumulation in different organs and ratios of N accumulation at different vegetative stages to the total N uptake in plants between high NUE genotypes and low NUE genotypes were analyzed.【Result】1）NUE negatively correlated with N contents in seed,silique husk,and stem and leaf (significantly or extremely significantly).High NUE genotypes had significantly lower N contents in different organs of plant than low NUE genotypes.2）At high N application level,strong negative correlation was found between NUE and silique husk N accumulation,stem and leaf N accumulation,root N accumulation and total N accumulation in whole plant.High NUE genotypes had significantly lower N uptake in silique husk,stem and leaf,root and total N uptake than low NUE genotypes in mature period.At low N application level,strong negative correlation was found between NUE and mature silique husk N accumulation,stem and leaf N accumulation while strong positive correlation was found between NUE and N accumulation of mature seed and total N accumulation of plant.High NUE genotypes had significantly greater grain N uptake and lower silique husk N uptake,stem and leaf N uptake and higher total N uptake than low NUE genotypes.3）At high N application level,strong negative correlation was found between NUE and ratio of stem and leaf N accumulation to shoot N accumulation and ratio of root N accumulation to shoot N accumulation while strong positive correlation was found between NUE and ratio of grain N accumulation to shoot accumulation.High NUE genotypes had significantly higher ratio of grain N accumulation to shoot accumulation than low NUE genotypes while they had significantly lower ratio of stem and leaf N accumulation to shoot N accumulation and ratio of root N accumulation to shoot N accumulation than low NUE genotypes.At low N application level,strong negative correlation was found between NUE and ratio of silique husk N uptake to shoot N uptake,ratio of stem and leaf N uptake to shoot N uptake and ratio of root N uptake to shoot N uptake while positive correlation was found between NUE and ratio of grain N uptake to shoot uptake.High NUE genotypes had significantly higher ratio of grain N uptake to shoot uptake than low-NUE-genotypes while they had significantly lower ratio of silique husk N uptake to shoot N uptake and ratio of stem and leaf N uptake to shoot N uptake than low NUE genotypes.（4）Compared with low NUE genotypes,N content of high NUE genotypes was more sensitive to N uptake.N accumulation of low NUE genotypes was more sensitive to N application level than high NUE genotypes.N content and N accumulation of stem and leaf and silique husk were more sensitive to N uptake compared with that in seed and root for both in high NUE genotypes or low NUE genotypes.【Conclusion】High NUE genotypes and low NUE genotypes rapeseed had significant differences in N content,N accumulation,N distribution and sensitivity to N rate. |
| Key words: rape seed nitrogen use efficiency genotypes N content N accumulation |
