| 摘要: |
| 【目的】以人工林群落为研究对象，从生态位角度揭示不同人工林配置下灌木物种的相互关系以及种群在群落中的功能和地位。【方法】运用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数，对青海大通高寒区的青海云杉林、白桦林、华北落叶松林、云杉 白桦混交林等4种不同人工林配置下灌木种群的生态位宽度及生态位重叠度进行计算，分析各种群落下不同灌木种群的关系及其地位。【结果】在白桦人工林群落中，高山柳（Salix cupularis Rehd）和八宝卫矛(Euonymus przewalskii Maxim)的生态位宽度值均为0.999，是该群落中灌木层生态幅度最广的种群，高山柳与八宝卫矛、细叶绣线菊（Spiraea salicifolia）和金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）的生态位重叠度均在0.800以上；在云杉 白桦混交林群落中，金露梅、高山柳、窄叶鲜卑花（Sibiraea angustata）和细叶绣线菊的生态位宽度值为0.973～0.994，而生态位重叠度却均为0.400～0.600，表明这4种植物对该环境具有较强的适应性，但生物生态学特性可能不同；在青海云杉人工林群落中，八宝卫矛的生态位宽度最大，是该群落的优势种；而在华北落叶松人工林群落中，峨眉蔷薇（Rosa omeiensis Rolfe）、锦鸡儿（Caragana sinica）、八宝卫矛的生态位宽度值依次为0.986，0.933和0.295，峨眉蔷薇和锦鸡儿是该人工林下灌木层的优势树种。【结论】1）不同人工林下灌木种群的广生态幅物种不同，这是由人工林的立地条件和不同物种的生物生态学特性共同决定的；2）人工林下灌木物种对人工林单一群落结构的改善与物种多样性的提高有一定作用；3）一般情况下，生态位宽度与生态位重叠度呈正相关关系，但在一些林分中却相反，这种现象可能与物种呈斑块性分布和环境资源的高度空间异质性有关，在针阔叶混交林下的有限的空间内灌木种群能更充分地利用资源。 |
| 关键词: 青海高寒区 人工林群落 灌木种群 生态位宽度 生态位重叠度 |
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| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD38B05） |
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| Niche of shrub populations in different plantation communities in Alpine region of Qinghai Province |
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CAO Heng,YANG Hai-long,HE Kang-ning,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In this study,artificial forest communities were selected to investigate the relationships between shrub populations with different plantation communities and the function and status of populations in communities from the view of niche.【Method】Levins niche breadth index and Pianka niche overlapping index of shrub populations in different plantation communities were measured to analyze the relationships between shrub populations and their status.【Result】In Betula platyphylla communities,Salix cupularis Rehd and Euonymus przewalskii Maxim had the widest ecological amplitudes with the niche breadth of 0.999.The niche overlapping values of Salix cupularis Rehd,Euonymus przewalskii Maxim,Spiraea salicifolia,and Potentilla fruticosa were all above 0.800.In Picea crasslia-Betula platyphylla communities,the niche breadth values of Potentilla fruticosa,Salix cupularis Rehd,Sibiraea angustata,and Spiraea salicifolia were between 0.973 and 0.994,while their niche overlapping values were between 0.400 and 0.600,indicating that they had good suitability to the environment with different biological and ecological characteristics.In Picea crasslia communities,Euonymus przewalskii Maxim was the dominating species with the largest niche breadth.In Larix principis-rupprechtii communities,the niche breadth values of Rosa omeiensis Rolfe,caragana sinica,and Euonymus przewalskii Maxim were 0.986,0.933 and 0.295,respectively.Rosa omeiensis Rolfe and caragana sinica were the dominant species.【Conclusion】1）Wide ecological amplitudes of shrub species in different plantation communities were different due to the plantation site conditions and ecological characteristics of different species.2）Shrub populations had effects on the improvement of single plantation community structure and boost of species diversity.3）The niche breadth and niche overlap were positively correlated in general,but the relationship was contrary in some plantation communities.This phenomenon may be due to plaque distribution of species and high spatial heterogeneity of environment resources.Shrub populations in broad-leaved mixed forest could make better use of limited environmental resources. |
| Key words: Alpine areas of Qinghai plantation community shrub population niche breadth niche overlapping |
