| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究4个线辣椒品种（系）的花芽分化过程及其与外部形态、部分生理生化指标的关系，为提高线辣椒花芽分化指数、获得高产提供依据和参考。【方法】以M5-21、M34-1、2011-9和陕椒2006 4个线辣椒品种（系）为供试材料，从第3片真叶出现开始，每隔3 d从生长点取样，采用常规石蜡切片法制片，观察线辣椒的花芽分化过程；从第4片真叶出现时开始，每隔5 d取第3、4片真叶，测定可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量；同时测定POD、PAL和PPO活性。【结果】线辣椒花芽分化过程包括生理分化期、分化初期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期，分化开始时茎秆上有6片展开真叶，顶端花芽（即门椒花芽）分化全过程需28 d左右，分化完成时茎秆上有14片展开真叶。叶片中可溶性糖及淀粉含量在花芽分化开始前积累至最大值，在花芽分化开始后，二者含量逐渐降低，说明可溶性糖和淀粉的积累有利于花芽分化。叶片内可溶性蛋白含量在生理分化期达到峰值，此后逐渐下降，从萼片分化期到花芽分化结束保持平稳状态。叶绿素含量在生理分化期至花芽分化初期呈略微上升趋势，之后逐渐下降，花芽分化进入后期时有较大幅度的上升。线辣椒花芽分化期POD和PAL活性的变化趋势基本一致，在生理分化期均达到一个相对较高的酶活水平，进入花芽分化期均下降，POD活性在萼片分化期下降至最低点，PAL活性在花瓣分化期下降至最低点，此后均又逐渐升高。PPO活性呈现双峰变化趋势，2个峰值分别出现在萼片分化期和雄蕊分化期，最低点出现在雌蕊分化期。4个线辣椒品种（系）的上述指标变化趋势一致，只是具体数值有所差异。【结论】较高的可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质和叶绿素含量，及相对较高的POD、PAL、PPO活性，有利于线辣椒花芽分化。 |
| 关键词: 线辣椒 花芽分化 形态分化 代谢物质 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:农业部公益性行业科研专项“干制辣椒品种优化及安全高效生产关键技术研究与示范”（200903025） |
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| Morphology and changes in metabolites during floral bud differentiation of chili pepper |
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ZANG Sha-sha,ZHAO Zun-lian,JIANG Shan,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The flower differentiation process and its relation with physiological and biochemical indices of four chili peppers cultivars (lines) were studied.【Method】Using four chili pepper varieties,M5-21,M34-1,2011-9,and Shaanjiao 2006 as materials,samples were collected from the growing point every 3 days after the third true leaf emerged for observation of flower differentiation using paraffin section method,and another set of samples were collected from the third and fourth true leaves every 5 days for determination of soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein,chlorophyll,and activities of POD,PAL and PPO.【Result】The flower differentiation process included six phases:physiological differentiation,initial differentiation,sepal differentiation,petal differentiation,stamen differentiation and pistil differentiation.There were 6 true leaves in the stalk at the start of flower bud differentiation,and 28 days were needed for the whole process of the first flower bud differentiation with 14 true leaves expanded at the end of differentiation.The contents of soluble sugar and starch accumulated to the maximum in the physiological differentiation phase,and decreased gradually since the start of the flower bud differentiation,indicating that the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch were helpful to flower bud differentiation.Soluble protein content in leaves peaked at the physiological differentiation phase,then decreased gradually and maintained a steady state from sepal differentiation stage to the end of the flower bud differentiation.From physiological differentiation phase to flower bud differentiation early,chlorophyll content showed a slight upward trend followed by a gradual decrease,and there was a substantial increase in the late stage of flower bud differentiation.During the flower bud differentiation,POD and PAL activities trends were generally identical:achieving a relatively high level in the physiological differentiation phase and decreased since the stage of flower bud differentiation with the minimum levels at the sepals differentiation phase and the petals differentiation phase,respectively.PPO activity showed a bimodal trend with the two peaks at the sepal differentiation stage and stamen differentiation phase,and the lowest point at the pistil differentiation stage.The trends of indexes of the 4 chili pepper cultivars were consistent with differences in the absolute levels.【Conclusion】High contents of soluble sugar,starch,protein and chlorophyll,and high activities of POD,PAL and PPO were beneficial to the flower bud differentiation of chili pepper. |
| Key words: chili pepper flower bud differentiation morphological differentiation metabolites |
