| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确7种板栗外生菌根真菌的最适培养条件，为板栗菌根真菌侵染机理研究以及菌根真菌的实际生产应用奠定基础。【方法】采用固体培养，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，研究不同温度（15，20，25，30，35 ℃）、pH值（4.0，5.0，6.0，7.0，8.0）、碳源（葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉、蔗糖、麦芽糖、甘露醇）、氮源（蛋白胨、KNO3、（NH4）2HPO3、酵母浸出液）对7种板栗外生菌根真菌生长的影响。【结果】7种板栗外生菌根真菌的最适生长条件存在差异，大红菇(Russula alutacea (Pers.)Fr)、黄丝膜菌(Cortinarius turmalis Fr.)、淡紫红菇(Russula lilacea (Quél.))和空柄小牛肝菌(Boletinus cavipes (Opat.)Kalchbr.)属中温菌，最适生长温度均为25 ℃，而褪色红菇（Russula decolorans (Fr.)Fr.）、多根硬皮马勃(Scleroderma polyrhizum (J.F.Gmel.)Pers.)和华丽牛肝菌(Boletus magnificus W.F.Chiu) 最适生长温度均为30 ℃，属耐高温菌。7种菌在pH为5～6时长势良好，最适环境为偏酸性。大红菇、褪色红菇、黄丝膜菌和多根硬皮马勃最适碳源分别为可溶性淀粉、蔗糖、甘露醇和麦芽糖，其他3种菌最适碳源均为葡萄糖。多数菌根真菌在以有机氮和铵态氮为氮源条件下的长势好于硝态氮。【结论】初步确定了7种板栗外生菌根真菌的最佳培养条件。 |
| 关键词: 燕山地区 板栗 外生菌根真菌 培养条件 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项重大项目“板栗产业链环境友好丰产关键技术研究与示范”（201204401）；“十二五”农村领域国家计划专题“北方板栗高效生产关键技术研究与示范”（2013BAD14B0402） |
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| Optimization of culture conditions for 7 chestnut ectomycorrhizal fungi in Yanshan Area |
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CHAI Di-di,GUO Su-juan,SUN Xiao-bing,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective of this research was to find the optimum culture conditions for 7 ectomycorrhizal fungi to improve fungi mechanism study and application.【Method】Ectomycorrhizal fungi were cultured in solid medium and the colony diameter was measured using cross the crossover method.Then,the effect of different temperatures (15,20,25,30,and 35 ℃),pH values (4.0,5.0,6.0,7.0,and 8.0),carbon sources (dextrose,soluble starch,saccharose,maltose,and mannitol) and nitrogen sources (peptone,KNO3,（NH4）2HPO3,and yeast extract) were researched.【Result】Large differences were found in the optimum conditions of the 7 ectomycorrhizal fungi.Russula alutacea (Pers.) Fr,Cortinarius turmalis Fr.,Russula lilacea Quél.,and Boletinus cavipes (Opat.) Kalchbr. belonged to moderate temperature fungi with the optimum temperature of 25 ℃,while the optimum temperature of Russula decolorans (Fr.)Fr.,Scleroderma polyrhizum (J.F.Gmel.) Pers.,and Boletus magnificus W.F.Chiu was 30 ℃.The optimum pH values of all ectomycorrhizal fungi were 5.0-6.0.The optimum carbon sources of Russula decolorans (Fr.)Fr.,Cortinarius turmalis Fr.,Scleroderma polyrhizum (J.F.Gmel.)Pers.,and Russula alutacea (Pers.)Fr were saccharose,mannitol,maltose and soluble starch,respectively,while the optimum carbon sources of all others were dextrose. Most ectomycorrhizal fungi growing in the medium with organic nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen were better than nitrate nitrogen.【Conclusion】The optimal cultivating conditions for the 7 chestnut ectomycorrhizal fungi were preliminarily determined. |
| Key words: Yanshan Area chestnut ectomycorrhizal fungi condition of culture |
