| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同空间尺度下晋西黄土区径流的主要影响因子，为当地生态建设和水土流失治理提供参考。【方法】通过对晋西黄土区坡面和小流域2个不同空间尺度下生态水文过程进行长期定位和半定位监测，应用SPSS统计分析软件和灰度关联方法分析了2个空间尺度下径流的主要影响因子。【结果】在坡面尺度，对径流影响最大的是降雨强度和郁闭度，权重分别为21.84%和21.81%；其次为雨前土壤含水量和降雨量；对坡面径流影响最小的因子为坡度，权重为16.39%。在小流域尺度，对径流影响最大的是降雨量和流域面积，权重均为18.11%；其次为形状系数、降雨强度和森林覆被率；沟道比降对径流的影响最小，其权重为14.05%。【结论】在本研究尺度范围内，随着研究空间尺度的增大，降雨量对径流的影响作用加大，降雨强度和植被对径流的影响作用变小，坡度和沟道比降对径流的影响均较小。 |
| 关键词: 晋西黄土区 坡面 小流域 径流 影响因子 水文尺度 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:林业公益性行业科研专项(201104005) |
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| Discrimination of factors influencing the runoffs of different spatial scales on loess region in Western Shanxi |
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WANG Xiao-yan,BI Hua-xing,GAO Lu-bo
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study discriminated the main factors that influence runoffs on different spatial scales to improve the control of soil and water losses on loess region in Western Shanxi.【Method】Based on long-term positioning measurement and semi-positioning measurement of the eco-hydrological process on sloping lands and small river basins on loess region in Western Shanxi,the main factors influencing the runoffs of the two spatial scales were analyzed with SPSS statistical analysis software and gray correlation method.【Result】For sloping lands,rainfall intensity and canopy density had the largest effects on runoffs with contributions of 21.84% and 21.81%,respectively,followed by soil water content before rainfall and rainfall.Slope size had the least contribution of 16.39%.For small river basins,rainfall and basin area had the largest effects with contribution of 18.11% each,followed by shape factor,rainfall intensity and forest cover rate.Channel gradient had the smallest contribution of 14.05%.【Conclusion】As the increase of the spatial scale,the effects of rainfall on runoff increased,the effects of rainfall intensity and vegetation decreased,and the effects of slope and channel gradient remained small. |
| Key words: the Loess Plateau of west Shanxi Province sloping lands small watershed runoff influencing factor hydrological scale |
