| 摘要: |
| 【目的】以Penman-Monteith FAO-56公式为参照，分析Hargreaves、Priestley-Taylor和Makkink 3种简化的参照作物蒸散量（ETo）公式在青海高寒区的适用性。【方法】以青海省5个气候区（湿润、半湿润、半干旱、干旱和极端干旱）11个气象站1984-2011年的旬气象资料计算ETo，建立分析3种简化公式旬ETo与Penman-Monteith FAO-56公式的线性回归方程，并对比其年值的均方根误差率，分析3种简化公式的适用性。【结果】Hargreaves公式在大多数站点都低估了ETo，但在湿润和半湿润区的计算结果较好；Priestley-Taylor公式在多数站点都高估了ETo；Makkink公式在所有站点都低估了ETo，但其旬ETo值的误差最小，其与PMF 56公式的线性回归结果也最好。除极端干旱区外，Priestley-Taylor和Makkink公式计算的ETo与PMF-56公式的年均方根误差率均小于15%。【结论】Hargreaves公式只适用于青海省的湿润和半湿润区，Priestley-Taylor和Makkink公式可以直接用于青海省极端干旱区以外地区ETo的计算。 |
| 关键词: 参考作物蒸散 Penman Monteith公式 Hargreaves公式 Priestley-Taylor公式 Makkink公式 青海省 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“抗旱抗寒抗盐植生品种选育”(2012BAC09B0505)；水利部948引进国际先进水利科学技术计划项目“植物节水体系研究技术”(201223) |
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| Applicability of simplified reference crop evapotranspiration equations in high altitude and cold area of Qinghai Province |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Taking Penman-Monteith FAO-56 formula as reference,the applicability of 3 simplified reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) formulas (Hargreaves,Priestley-Taylor and Makkink) was compared in high altitude and cold area of Qinghai Province.【Method】ETo values were computed using 10-day averaged data at 11 meteorological stations in 5 climate zones (humid,semi-humid,semi-drought,arid and extremely arid) from 1984 to 2011 in Qinghai Province.Applicability of 3 simplified formulas was analyzed by analyzing the linear regression equations using 10-day ETo values and RMSE rates of annual ETo and taking Penman-Monteith FAO-56 values as benchmark.【Result】Hargreaves formula tended to underestimate 10-day ETo values at most stations except in humid and semi-humid climate zones.Priestley-Taylor method tended to overestimated ETo.Makkink model underestimated ETo at all stations but its error of 10-day values was the least and its linear regression with Penman-Monteith FAO-56 equation was the best.Moreover,differences between annual ETo RMSD rates from Priestley-Taylor and Makkink and FAO-56 were less than 15% at all climate zones except extremely arid climate zone.【Conclusion】Hargreaves method can be used in humid and semi-humid climates only,but Priestley-Taylor and Makkink model can be applied to all climate zones except extremely arid climate region in Qinghai Province. |
| Key words: reference crop evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Hargreaves Priestley-Taylor Makkink Qinghai Province |
