| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨昆明烟区土壤速效养分和中微量营养元素的丰缺状况及区域特征，为区域平衡施肥提供参考。【方法】于2012年采集昆明市8个县（市）主产烟区有代表性的土壤样品858份，测定其土壤速效养分和有效中微量营养元素含量，对其丰缺状况及区域分布特征进行评价与分析。【结果】1）昆明部分烟区土壤速效氮含量处于低水平的县（市）占12.5%，中等或丰富水平的占87.5%，速效磷和速效钾基本处于中等或丰富水平，表明昆明市50%以上烟区进行速效养分管理时应采取“提氮、稳磷、稳钾”的施肥策略。2）昆明烟区土壤交换性钙、交换性镁含量均处于丰富水平，有效硫含量处于临界值以下及低水平的县（市）分别占12.5%和25%，处于中等水平的占62.5%，说明有效硫含量整体适宜性稍差，在施肥管理时应采取“降Ca、稳Mg、提S”的措施。3）昆明烟区有效锰、有效锌含量基本处于中等或丰富水平，有效铜和有效铁含量均处于丰富水平，有效硼含量处于低水平，对各县（市）烟区微量元素肥进行管理时，需适量补充硼肥，稳定其他微量营养元素肥。【结论】昆明烟区土壤速效养分及中微量元素含量及分布均存在差异，故在烤烟生产平衡施肥过程中，应针对不同烟区的土壤养分特征实行分类指导。 |
| 关键词: 植烟土壤 中微量元素 聚类分析 平衡施肥 |
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| 基金项目:云南中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目（2010YL01-2）；红云红河（烟草）集团有限责任公司科技项目（HYHH2012YL01） |
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| Status of soil available nutrients and middle-microelements in Kunming tobacco growing areas |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study investigated the status and distribution of soil available nutrients and middle-microelements in Kunming tobacco-growing areas to improve balanced fertilization.【Method】858 soil samples were collected from 8 tobacco-growing counties (cities) in Kunming in 2012 to test their available nutrients and middle-microelements contents and evaluate the status.【Result】1) 12.5% counties (cites) in Kunming tobacco-growing areas had low soil available nitrogen content level,and 87.5% had medium or rich level.Available phosphorus and postassium of all counties (cities) were in medium or rich level.It was indicated “increasing nitrogen,stabling phosphorus and postassium” strategy shoulde be adopted in more than half of Kunming tobacco-growing areas.2) Soil available Ca and available Mg contents were rich.Counties (cities) with below critical and low level avialable S contents were 12.5% and 25% respectively,while the counties (cities) with medium level were 62.5%.Suitability of soil available S content was slightly different and strategy of “reducing Ca,stabling Mg and increasing S” should be adopted.3) Soil available Mn and available Zn contents were in medium or rich level,available Cu and available Fe contents were in rich level,and available B contents were in low level,indicating that each county (city) should supply B fertilizer and stable other trace elements.【Conclusion】There were differences in soil available nutrients and middle-microelements contents and distribution among counties (cities) in Kunming tobacco-growing areas.Thus,specific fertilization strategies should be adopted. |
| Key words: tobacco growing soil middle-microelements cluster analysis balancing fertilization |
