| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析陕北黄土高原不同石油开采区土壤石油污染状况，并比较了研究区主要植物对石油污染物的吸收情况。【方法】在野外调查的基础上，采用重量法测定了3个采样区（安塞萝卜地、延长严家湾西山和东山）土壤中总石油烃的含量，分析了当地主要草本和木本植物对石油污染物的吸收情况。【结果】研究区土壤石油污染状况比较严重，石油污染物多集中于0～20 cm土层。随着土壤中总石油烃含量的增加，大部分草本植物体内的总石油烃含量也增大。当土壤中总石油烃含量低于10 000 mg/kg时，大部分植物体内的总石油烃含量高于土壤。狗娃花、冰草、梭草茎叶中的总石油烃含量高于根，而铁杆蒿、黄蒿和无芒雀麦根部的总石油烃含量高于茎叶。冰草、铁杆蒿对总石油烃的转移和富集系数均大于1。沙棘和紫穗槐各部位的总石油烃含量为叶＞枝、根，而狼牙刺则为枝＞根>叶。3种木本植物对总石油烃的转移和富集能力由高到低为狼牙刺＞沙棘＞紫穗槐。【结论】冰草、铁杆蒿、沙棘和狼牙刺对总石油烃的转移和富集能力均较强，是当地石油污染土壤修复的优势耐性植物。 |
| 关键词: 陕北黄土高原 石油污染 植物修复 |
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| 基金项目:林业公益性行业科研专项（201104002-4） |
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| Absorption and accumulation of petroleum contaminants by different plants in the Loess Plateau |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study analyzed soil petroleum pollution at the Loess Plateau oilproductionarea in Northern Shaanxi and compared the absorption and accumulation of petroleum by differentplants.【Method】Gravimetric method was used to determine oil content in soil and the absorption and accumulation of petroleum contaminants by local trees and grass seed were analyzed.【Result】Oil pollutantsweremostly concentrated in the top 20 cm of soil.With the increase of TPH in soil,the accumulation by most plants increased.When the oil contaminants in the soil were less than 10 000 mg/kg,the pollutants contents in most plants were higher than soil.Contents of TPH in stem and leaf of Heteropappus hispidus,Agropyron cristatum.and Haloxylon ammodendron. were higher than root,while Artemisia gmelinii,Artemisia scoparia. and Bromus inermis.were opposite.The BTC and BAF of Agropyron cristatum.,Artemisia gmelinii.,Artemisia scoparia.were larger than 1.Contents of TPH in Hippophaer hamnoides.and Amorpha fruticosa.were in a decreasing order of leaf＞branch and root,and that for Sophora viciifoliais was branch＞root＞leaf.Transfermation and accumulationabilities of 3 trees were in a decreasing order of Sophora viciifolia＞Hippophae rhamnoides＞Amorpha fruticosa..【Conclusion】Transformation and accumulation abilities of Agropyron cristatum.,Aritemisia gemlinii.,Hippophae rhamnoides.and Sophora viciifolia were strong,thus they were helpful to the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. |
| Key words: Loess Plateau oil pollution phytoremediation |
