| 摘要: |
| 【目的】 探讨4种杀菌剂对胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子的消毒效果及对种子萌发生长的影响，为我国珍稀树种胡杨和灰叶胡杨的人工育苗造林提供技术支持和理论依据。【方法】 采用PDA平板法，在预试验的基础上，选择10.0 μg/mL的6%戊唑醇为代表，筛选杀菌剂浸种处理胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子的安全有效时间；采用平皿法检测了0.1，0.5，1.0，5.0，10.0，50.0，100.0 μg/mL福美双、嘧菌脂、腈菌唑、戊唑醇对胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子的消毒效果；采用滤纸法进行发芽试验，测算种子发芽势、发芽率、幼苗株高和畸形率，观测上述不同质量浓度杀菌剂对种子萌发生长的影响。【结果】 杀菌剂浸种处理胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子的安全有效时间为12 h，供试杀菌剂浸种处理12 h均能明显降低胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子的带菌率，其中质量浓度≥50.0 μg/mL的福美双、10.0 μg/mL的戊唑醇的消毒效果可达90%以上。胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子经100.0 μg/mL福美双浸种处理后，发芽率分别为88.5%和30%，经10.0 μg/mL戊唑醇浸种处理后发芽率分别为95%和60%以上。100.0 μg/mL福美双浸种处理胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子，幼苗株高分别为6.04和2.32 mm；10.0 μg/mL戊唑醇浸种处理胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子，幼苗株高分别为8.68和4.21 mm。用4种杀菌剂浸种均会导致种子非正常萌发，产生畸形种苗，其中100.0 μg/mL福美双浸种对胡杨和灰叶胡杨种苗的致畸率分别为7%和19%；10.0 μg/mL戊唑醇浸种的致畸率分别为2.5%和11%；嘧菌酯和腈菌唑对种子的致畸作用较强，种苗畸形率最高可达20%～45%。【结论】 100.0 μg/mL福美双浸种处理胡杨种子、10.0 μg/mL戊唑醇浸种处理胡杨和灰叶胡杨种子是消毒效果显著并对种子萌发及幼苗生长安全的最适剂量，浸种12 h为最适浸种处理时间。 |
| 关键词: 胡杨 灰叶胡杨 杀菌剂 种子处理 消毒效果 幼苗生长 |
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| 基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用重点实验室开放基金重点项目(BRZD1001) |
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| Effect of fungicides on seed disinfection and germination of Populus euphratica and Populus euphratica/i<> |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Effect of four kinds of fungicides,including thiram,azoxystrobin,myclobutanil and mebuconazole,on seed disinfection and germination of Populus euphratica and Populus euphratica was investigated.【Method】 By means of petri dish plating,soaking P.euphratica and P.pruinosa seeds with thiram,azoxystrobin,myclobutanil and tebuconazole of concentration of 0.1 0.5,1.0,5.0,10.0,50.0,100.0 μg/mL,respectively,to test the effect of disinfection.By means of blotter testing treat the seeds with fungicides of different concentration above mentioned to test the effect of fungicide on the seeds.【Result】 The results showed that seed soaking for 12 h of four kind of experimental fungicides decreased carrier rate of fungi and bacteria significantly.The seed disinfection of P.euphratica and P.pruinosa by soaking treatment with above 50.0 μg/mL thiram and 10.0 μg/mL tebuconazole was higher than 90%.The germination of P.euphratic and P.pruinosa seed was 88.5% and 30% by soaking treatment with 100.0 μg/mL thiram,and 95% and 60% by soaking treatment with 95% and 60%.The seedling length of P.euphratic and P.pruinosa threated by 100.0 μg/mL thiram were 6.04 mm and 2.32 mm,while the ones threated by 10.0 μg/mL tebuconazole were 8.68 mm and 4.21 mm.Fungicides treatment can make the seeds malformed.Malformation rate of P.euphratica and P.pruinosa seeds treated by 100.0 μg/mL thiram was 7% and 19%,while only 2.5% and 11% for 10.0 μg/mL tebuconazole.The malformation rate was up to 20%-40% with the treatment of azoxystrobin and myclobutanil.【Conclusion】 Soaking treatment for 12 h by 100.0 μg/mL thiram of P.euphratica seed and 10.0 μg/mL tebuconazole of P.euphratica and P.pruinosa seed was the optimum condition,which had a remarkable seed disinfection effect and was safe to seed germination and growth. |
| Key words: Populus euphratica Populus euphratica fungicide seed treatment disinfection effect seedling growth |
