| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析陕西关中地区的人均水资源生态足迹、生态承载力和生态赤字，为该地区水资源的可持续开发利用提供参考。【方法】采用水资源生态足迹模型，确定了计算水资源生态足迹所需的3个关键参数：多年平均水资源总量、全球均衡因子和地区产量因子，对关中地区及各地市1994-2008年的人均水资源生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字进行了定量分析和评价，并与陕西省其他地区进行了比较。【结果】核算期内，陕西关中地区的水资源生态足迹变化比较稳定，平均为0.704 5 hm2/人，各市区的水资源生态足迹水平高低依次为咸阳＞渭南＞铜川＞西安＞宝鸡＞杨凌；在核算期内关中地区水资源生态承载力变化较大，平均为0.196 0 hm2/人，与陕北、陕南相比是陕西省最低的；在核算期内，关中的水资源生态足迹均远远大于生态承载力，水资源生态赤字平均为0.507 7 hm2/人；各用水账户中，生产用水（包括农业灌溉用水、工业用水和林渔牧副业用水）是水资源生态足迹的主要贡献者，占水资源生态足迹的80%以上。【结论】陕西关中水资源生态赤字较大，必须通过优化水资源配置，建立与水资源利用相关的法律体系、水价格体系，实施高效率的水资源管理，提高水资源生态承载力，减小生态赤字，以达到水资源可持续利用的目的。 |
| 关键词: 水资源生态足迹 生态承载力 生态赤字 陕西关中地区 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（50879071，51279166）；西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费科技创新重点项目(QN201168) |
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| Ecological footprint and deficit of water resources in Guanzhong,Shaanxi |
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WANG Ning, SU Xiaoling
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Northwest A&F University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This study aimed to analyze the ecological footprint,carrying capacity and deficit per capita of water resources and improve the sustainable development and utilization in Guanzhong region.【Method】3 key parameters were identified using the water resources ecological footprint model:the global average water yield,global equilibrium factor and the area yield factor.The water resources ecological footprint,carrying capacity and deficit per capita in Guanzhong region from 1994 to 2008 were evaluated and compared with other areas.【Result】In the research period,the water ecological footprint averaged in 0.704 5 hm2 per capita and changed at a relatively stable rate.The water resources footprints of different urban areas were in a descending order of Xianyang>Weinan>Tongchuan>Xi’an>Baoji>Yangling.The ecological carrying capacity changed greatly in the study period and averaged in 0.196 0 hm2 per capita.The capacity of Guanzhong was the lowest compared to northern and southern Shaanxi.Because water resources ecological footprint was larger than carrying capacity,the ecological deficit was large with an average of 0.507 7 hm2 per capita.Among the accounts of the model,process water was the main contributor.【Conclusion】Because of the big water ecological deficit in Guanzhong area,water resources allocation should be optimized and water resource utilization related legal system and water price system should be established.To achieve the purpose of water resources sustainable utilization,implementing high efficiency water resources management,improving the ecological carrying capacity and reducing the ecological deficit are needed. |
| Key words: water resources ecological footprint ecological carrying capacity ecological deficit Guanzhong region,Shaanxi |
