| 摘要: |
| 【目的】通过对冬小麦施用一种以农作物秸秆为主要原料研制的新型土壤改良剂，探讨调亏灌溉下该改良剂与氮肥配施对冬小麦产量及土壤水氮利用率的影响。【方法】以冬小麦“西农979”为试验材料，采用田间小区试验，对灌水（灌水量分别为0，1.467 m3/hm2）、新型土壤改良剂（施入量分别为0，1 500 kg/hm2）和氮肥（纯氮施入量分别为0，160，288 kg/hm2）3个因素不同水平进行完全随机组合设计，共12个处理，研究亏灌条件下，新型土壤改良剂和氮肥配施后，成熟期冬小麦产量、土壤水分及氮素利用率的变化情况。【结果】新型土壤改良剂和氮肥单施或配施均能改善成熟期冬小麦土壤水分条件，提高土壤含水量、水分利用率及籽粒产量，且灌水条件下效果更为明显。新型土壤改良剂和氮肥配施不仅明显增加了0～200 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量，而且有利于提高植株氮素吸收量。无论灌水与否，1 500 kg/hm2新型土壤改良剂和288 kg/hm2氮肥配施的增产效果最明显，水分利用效率、植株氮素吸收量均较高。【结论】适度亏灌条件下，新型土壤改良剂与氮肥配施可显著提高作物产量及水氮利用率。 |
| 关键词: 调亏灌溉 新型土壤改良剂 冬小麦 氮肥 水氮利用率 |
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| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础基金项目“西安城市绿地土壤质量评价及生态效应研究”（2011JQ5002）；西安建筑科技大学人才科技基金项目“水分和养分调控对作物根系特性的影响”（RC1009）；国家“863”计划重点项目“降水资源转化利用技术”（2006AA100204） |
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| Influence of new soil conditioner and nitrogen fertilizer on water-nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under regulated deficit irrigation |
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DU Hongxia, FENG Hao, WU Pute,et al
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Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,et al
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】This experiment aimed to study the influence of new soil conditioner (main material was straws) and nitrogen fertilizer applied in winter wheat field on wheat yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation.【Method】This experiment was carried out with winter wheat “Xinong 979” cultivar as material and used field plot and microplot.Under regulated deficit Irrigation (non-irrigating,irrigating 1.467 m3/hm2),different levels of the new soil conditioner (0，1 500 kg/hm2) and N fertilizer (pure nitrogen:0，160，288 kg/hm2) were used to wheat field.This experiment had 12 treatments,in order to study the influence of coupling new soil conditioner and nitrogen fertilizer application on yield of winter wheat,soil water and nitrogen use efficiency in harvest period under regulated deficit irrigation.【Result】The results showed that the use of new soil conditioner and N fertilizer can improve the soil water in harvest period of winter wheat and enhance soil water content,water used efficiency and grain yield.Moreover,the effects were more remarkable with irrigation.Applying new soil conditioner combined with N fertilizer not only can enhance soil NO-3-N concentration obviously in 0-200 cm soil depth,but also improve nitrogen uptake.The yield,water used efficiency and nitrogen uptake were clearly higher when applying 1 500 kg/hm2 soil conditioner combined with 288 kg/hm2 N fertilizer nevertheless irrigation or not.【Conclusion】With the moderate deficit irrigation,coupling of soil conditioner and appropriate amount of N fertilizer significantly increased yield and wheat water-nitrogen use efficiency. |
| Key words: regulated deficit irrigation soil conditioner winter wheat nitrogen fertilizer water-nitrogen use efficiency |
