| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究2种树形对2个品种苹果幼树树体结构、冠层结构、产量、果实品质的影响以及冠层参数与果实品质的相关性，为渭北黄土高原地区不同品种苹果的树形评价与改良提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生的“富士”和“皇家嘎啦”苹果树为试材，应用WinSCANOPY2006a冠层分析仪，观测2种树形下2个品种苹果树的树体结构、冠层结构，测定产量和果实品质，并分析冠层参数与果实品质的相关性。【结果】2个苹果品种采用高纺锤形，其树高、主枝数、总枝量、叶面积指数均显著大于V形，而主枝间距、平均叶倾角、开度、总定点因子、冠下总辐射、冠下直接辐射、冠下间接辐射等显著小于V形。高纺锤形“皇家嘎啦”的平均单果质量和平均每hm2产量显著大于V形，而“富士”苹果则恰好与之相反。V形“富士”苹果的果皮色泽饱和度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、糖/酸和着色面积均明显大于高纺锤形，但可滴定酸小于高纺锤形。2种树形对“皇家嘎啦”果实品质的影响各有特点。【结论】高纺锤形有利于“皇家嘎啦”幼树早期产量的提高，对其品质影响不大，V形有利于“富士”幼树早期产量和品质的提高。 |
| 关键词: 苹果 树形 光合特性 产量 品质 |
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| 基金项目:国家现代农业技术体系专项（nycytx-08-01-03） |
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| Correlation analysis of tall spindle and V-trellis canopies and fruit quality on apple saplings |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Effects of tree shapes and canopy structures on fruit quality,yield and the relativity of fruit quality and canopy parameters were studied to support the evaluation and improvement of apple cultivation and tree shapes on Weibei region of the Loess Plateau.【Method】We used 5-year-old trees of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Royal Gala’ trained with shapes of tall spindle (TS) and V-trellis (VT) as experiment materials.The structure indexes and canopy structures were observed and fruit quality and yield were determined based on hemispherical image analysis from WinSCANOPY2006a.The relativity of fruit quality and canopy parameters were analyzed as well.【Result】The tree height,number of scaffold limbs,mean yield per hm2 and leaf area index of both types of trees with TS were significantly higher,while the distance of scaffold limb,mean foliage inclination angle,openess,total site factor,PPDF total under,PPDF direct under and PPDF diffuse under were lower compared to VT.Mean fruit mass and mean yield per hm2 of ‘Royal Gala’ trained with TS were significantly higher than that of ‘Royal Gala’ trained with VT,while the situation was opposite for ‘Fuji’.Pericarp color saturation,soluble sugar,sugar/acid,coloring area of ‘Fuji’ trained with VT were significantly higher,while titratable acidity was lower compared to that of ‘Fuji’ trained with SP.【Conclusion】The two different tree shapes had quite distinct effects on ‘Royal Gala’.TS was very beneficial for ‘Royal Gala’ saplings in increasing yield but had no significant effects on quality.VT had large effects on improving yield and quality of ‘Fuji’ saplings. |
| Key words: apple tree shapes photosynthetic characteristic yield quality |
