| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究脲甲醛肥料的产量效应和氮肥利用率，为叶菜专用脲甲醛肥料的研制和施用提供理论依据。【方法】以小白菜为供试蔬菜，以不施氮肥为对照（CK），以常规氮肥尿素、脲甲醛肥料及两者混合氮肥（尿素与脲甲醛肥料氮素质量比为1∶1）为供试肥料，开展第1季施肥、第2季不施肥的连续两季田间微小区栽培试验，研究脲甲醛肥料对小白菜产量及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】每季各氮肥处理小白菜产量均存在明显差异，且均显著高于CK。小白菜第1季产量以尿素+脲甲醛肥料处理最高，为50 678 kg/hm2；第2季产量以脲甲醛肥料处理最高，为28 051 kg/hm2；而以上2个处理的两季小白菜总产量无显著差异，但均显著高于尿素处理。不同处理每季小白菜氮吸收量和氮肥利用率存在明显差异，第1季尿素+脲甲醛肥料处理小白菜的氮吸收量和氮肥利用率最高，分别为202.73 mg/株及24.94%；第2季脲甲醛肥料处理最高，分别为173.72 mg/株及21.88%，而以上2个处理的氮吸收总量、氮肥累积利用率无显著差异，且均显著高于尿素处理，表明脲甲醛单独施用或与尿素混合施用具有明显的后效，可显著增加氮肥累积利用率。【结论】脲甲醛肥料与尿素混合施用既能保障第1季小白菜产量，又可降低缓释肥料成本，明显提高氮肥利用率。 |
| 关键词: 脲甲醛肥料 小白菜 产量 氮肥利用率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31071857，30871594）；广东高校工程技术研究中心建设项目（GCZX-A100）；国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD11B04） |
|
| Effects of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer on yield of Chinese cabbage and its nitrogen use efficiency |
|
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The effects of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of vegetables were studied to promote the development and application of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer special for leafy vegetables.【Method】Three nitrogen fertilizers applied in the experiment were urea (U),urea-formaldehyde fertilize (UF),and urea blended with urea-formaldehyde fertilizer (U+UF).The study covered two continuous cropping seasons of Chinese cabbage in micro-plot field.All of the three fertilizers were applied in the first growing season while no fertilizer was used for the second one.Then the effects of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficieney of Chinese cabbages were obtained.【Result】 Results showed that the yield,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of Chinese cabbage in each growing season were significantly different for different nitrogen fertilizer treatments,and all of them were higher than those without nitrogen fertilizer.In the first growing season,the maximum yield was 50 678 kg/hm2 in U+UF treatment and that was 28 051 kg/hm2 in UF treatment for the second growing season.There were significant differences of N uptake and NUE among the N fertilizer treatments for each season.The maximum N uptake of 202.73 mg/plant and NUE of 24.94%,were observed in treatment of U+UF for the first season,and maxinum N uptake and NUE of the UF treatment for the second season were 173.72 mg/plant and 21.88%,respectively.The accumulative yield,accumulative nitrogen uptake and NUE of UF and U+UF treatment were higher than that of U treatment and there were no significant difference between UF and U+UF treatment.All the results showed that urea-formaldehyde fertilizer (single or blended with urea) had significant aftereffect and the application of them could improve nitrogen accumulative use efficiency.【Conclusion】 The application of urea-formaldehyde fertilizer mixed with urea was an effective measure to keep the yield of Chinese cabbage in the first season,while reducing cost of slow-release fertilizer and improving nitrogen use efficiency. |
| Key words: urea-formaldehyde fertilizer Chinese cabbage yield nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency |
