| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示骏枣的叶绿素荧光参数对氮磷钾在不同施肥时期施肥配比的响应机制。【方法】以新疆阿克苏地区3年生骏枣为试验材料，均株施N 0.440 kg、P2O5 0.368 kg、K2O 0.079 kg，按不同量分别于萌芽期、花期和果实膨大期施入，共组成A、B、C、D 4个氮磷钾施肥配比，以萌芽期施入尿素和磷酸二铵混合肥（质量比为1∶2.5）0.4 kg/株为对照，采用Handy PEA 植物荧光效率仪测定花期和成熟期骏枣叶片的荧光参数，研究氮磷钾施肥配比对其叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】4种施肥配比的叶绿素荧光参数日变化趋势基本一致，在骏枣花期和成熟期，初始荧光（F0）均大致呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势，而最大荧光（Fm）、PSⅡ最大光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ最大光能转化潜力（Fv/F0）总体呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势；4种施肥配比方案对骏枣的F0、Fm、可变荧光（Fv）和Fv/Fm影响差异显著，花期F0、Fm和Fv的顺序为C配比>B配比>A配比>D配比，Fv/Fm的顺序为D配比>C配比>A配比>B配比；成熟期F0的顺序为C配比>A配比>B配比>D配比，Fm和Fv的顺序为D配比>C配比>B配比>A配比，Fv/Fm的顺序为D配比>B配比>C配比>A配比。【结论】不同施肥方案比较结果显示，采用D配比（萌芽期施氮0.176 kg/株、磷0.123 kg/株、钾0.040 kg/株，花期施氮0.132 kg/株、磷0.123 kg/株、钾0 kg/株，果实膨大期施氮0.132 kg/株、磷0.123 kg/株、钾0.040 kg/株）时骏枣的最大荧光产量和PS Ⅱ 光能转换效率及PS Ⅱ 电子传递活性最高，说明在氮磷钾施用总量相同的情况下，于花期和果实膨大期追施磷钾肥能够改善骏枣的光合功能。 |
| 关键词: 氮 磷 钾 骏枣 荧光参数 光合能力 |
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| 基金项目:新疆自治区科技厅支撑计划项目（201031103）；新疆自治区科技厅条件平台建设项目（PT1009） |
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| Effect of different ratios of N,P and K fertilizer on the fluorescence parameters of jun-jujube |
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】By studying the effects of fertilization timings and various fertilization proportions of N,P,K fertilizers,this study attempts to reveal the response mechanism of the chlorophyll fluorescence of jun-jujube influenced by the factors above.【Method】The selected three-year-old jun-jujube trees,homed in Aksu Xinjiang,were fertilized according to A,B,C,D four schemes,in which each plant was applied the same amount of fertilizers of N 0.440 kg,P2O5 0.368 kg,K2O 0.079 kg.These schemes were designed to fertilize at three stages of bud stage,flowering stage,and fruit enlargement stage but with various amounts at different stages.Besides,the control jun-jujube trees were fertilized with compound of carbamide and diammonium phosphate.Handy PEA(plant efficiency analyzer) was used to measure the fluorescent parameters of different development stages of jun-jujube homed in Aksu Xinjiang,and then the influence of fertilization timing and fertilization scheme of N,P,K fertilizers on fluorescence parameters was studied.【Result】Basically,the trends of daily variation of fluorescence parameters are similar under four kinds of fertilization schemes:at flowering and mature stage,F0 presents the pattern that first rises then declines,and overall,Fm,Fv/Fm,Fv/F0 show the trend that go down first then rise up;In addition,four fertilization schemes have all significant influence on F0,Fm,Fv and Fv/Fm,at flowering stage,the order of F0,Fm and Fv is:C scheme>B scheme>A scheme>D scheme,and that of Fv/Fm is:D scheme>C scheme>A scheme>B scheme;At mature stage,the order of F0 is:C scheme>A scheme>B scheme>D scheme,and the order of Fm and Fv is:D scheme>C scheme>B scheme>A scheme,moreover,that of Fv/Fm is:D scheme>B scheme>C scheme>A scheme.【Conclusion】Compared with other fertilization schemes,D scheme(Bud fertilizer:N 0.176 kg/plant,P 0.123 kg/plant,K 0.040 kg/plant;Flowering fertilizer:N 0.132 kg/plant,P 0.123 kg/plant,K 0 kg/plant;Fruit enlargement fertilizer:N 0.132 kg/plant,P 0.123 kg/plant,K 0.040 kg/plant) is the best scheme that makes jun jujube have maximum fluorescence yield,and also the energy conversion efficiency of PSⅡ and PSⅡ electron transport activity are the highest.Namely,it indicates that given the same total amount of fertilizers,fertilization of N,P and K at flowering and fruit enlargement stages can improve photosynthetic function of jun jujube. |
| Key words: N P K jun-jujube fluorescence parameters photosynthetic capacity |
